《基辅怨》是美国犹太作家伯纳德·马拉默德创作中期的代表作。本文以结构主义语言学的“符号矩阵”为研究方法,从小说文本中抽象出4个语义符号,构成其基本的意义框架。通过分析这些语义符号的作用以及相互之间的影响,能够深入理解人物关系,从而展现其中的深层文化内涵。小说的创作目的在于提醒犹太人,只有回归犹太伦理传统并承认民族身份,才能肯定个体的真实存在,只有在民族地位得到承认的前提下,才能考虑个体生存的现实问题。 The “resentment of Kiev” is a medium-term masterpiece written by the American Jewish writer Bernard Malamud. In this paper, we use the “symbol matrix ” of structuralist linguistics as the research method, and abstract four semantic symbols from the text of the novel to form the basic meaning frame. By analyzing the role of these semantic symbols and their mutual influence, we can deeply understand the relationship between characters and reveal the deep cultural connotation therein. The purpose of the novel’s creation is to remind the Jews that only by returning to the Jewish ethical tradition and recognizing the national identity can the individual’s real existence be affirmed. Only when national status is recognized, can the reality of individual existence be considered.