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本文评述了英国学者米尔恩的下列人权观点:其一,《世界人权宣言》将西方人权充作世界人权,其实,从西方人权概念中推导不出世界人权概念,不存在超社会、超文化的人权;其二,应该从最低限度的道德里推导出低度人权,进而推导出普遍人权,这种权利推定方法不同于自然法理论;其三,推行人权要依靠法治,分权政治和商品经济本身并不能保障人权,人权不是解决社会问题的根本手段。作者认为,米尔恩的观点是“相对主义”和“绝对主义”的调和,它反映了英国的权利推定传统,有助于全面了解西方不同派别的人权思潮。
This article reviews the following human rights perspectives by British scholar Milne: First, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights has made Western human rights a universal human rights fact. In fact, the concept of world human rights can not be derived from the concept of human rights in the West. There are no super-social and ultra-cultural Human rights; Second, we should derive low human rights from the minimum morality, and then derive universal human rights. This method of presumption of rights is different from the theory of natural law. Third, the promotion of human rights depends on the rule of law, decentralization and commodity economy Human rights are not guaranteed by themselves. Human rights are not the fundamental means to solve social problems. The author believes that Milne’s view is the reconciliation between relativism and absolutism. It reflects Britain’s tradition of presumption of rights and helps to fully understand the trend of human rights among different factions in the West.