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目的 分析大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞经历缺氧预处理后miRNA的表达谱变化，探索其缺氧预处理机制和治疗靶点。方法 大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞原代培养，经过缺氧预处理和缺氧复氧损伤后检验心肌细胞存活率和乳酸脱氢酶浓度，miRNA芯片技术检测正常心肌和缺氧预处理心肌细胞miRNA表达谱差异，实时定量PCR验证结果的可信性，分析明显差异表达的miRNA的生物学功能。结果 心肌细胞存活率和乳酸脱氢酶浓度结果证实缺氧预处理模型制备成功。miRNA芯片技术结果表明，与正常对照组心肌细胞相比，缺氧预处理心肌细胞中有6个miRNA表达上调，有5个表达下调，其中一部分miRNA的生物学功能与心血管功能相关。结论 缺氧预处理可导致大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞microRNA表达谱发生变化，其可能是缺氧复氧损伤潜在的治疗靶点。“,”Objective]To analyze the changes of miRNA expression profile in cardiomyocytes of neonate rats after hypoxia preconditioning ,and to explore the mechanism of hypoxia preconditioning and therapeutic target .[Methods]Pri‐mary cardiomyocytes of neonate rats were cultured .Survival rate of rat cardiomyocytes and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) level were detected after hypoxia preconditioning and hypoxia reoxygenation .The expression profiles of miRNA in normal and hypoxia preconditioned cardiomyocytes were detected by miRNA genetic chip .The results were verified by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR) ,and the biological function of miRNA significantly differentially expressed were analyzed .[Results]The successful establishment of hypoxia preconditioning models was verified by the results of sur‐vival rate of rat cardiomyocytes and LDH levels .The miRNA chip detection results showed that 6 miRNAs in hypoxia preconditioned cardiomyocytes were up‐regulated and 5 miRNAs were down‐regulated in comparison with normal cardio‐myocytes .The biological function of some miRNAs was related to cardiovascular function .[Conclusion]Hypoxia precon‐ditioning leads to the changes of miRNA expression profile which may serve as potential targets for the treatment of hy‐poxia reoxygenation injury .