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埃文思-普理查德的《努尔人》是最重要的科学的民族志代表作之一。埃马纽埃尔·勒华拉杜里在《蒙塔尤》中借用民族志文体,把14世纪的一个法国社区的宗教裁判所对农民的审讯记录转换成对那个时期法国南部乡村生活的纪录片式的叙述。通过对《蒙塔尤》和《努尔人》这两部民族志著作的细读和比照,可以发现其中包含着同样的权威与表述的关系模式,从而揭示出一直习以为常的人类学话语实践所隐含的权力和修辞问题。区分撰写著作的个人、行文中的叙述者的角色、行文中田野调查者的角色,对于探索权力与知识的相互影响颇有益处。
Evans - Prichard’s “Nuer” is one of the most important scientific ethnographic masterpieces. Emmanuel Lewratura used the ethnographic genre in Montague to convert the interrogation record of peasants in a fourteenth-century inquisition by the French community into a documentary of the village life in the south of France during that period The narrative. Through the careful reading and comparisons of the two monographs of Montague and Nuer, we can find that they contain the same pattern of authority and expression, revealing the practice of anthropological discourse Implied power and rhetorical questions. Distinguishing the individual who wrote the work, the narrator’s role in the context, and the role of the field investigator in the context of the text is quite beneficial for exploring the interplay between power and knowledge.