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春秋末期到战国初期,中国古代社会进入了一个新旧交错、方生未死的激剧变革时代。社会关系的大变动,进一步打破了奴隶主贵族对学术文化的垄断,促进了人们思想的解放,在从事私人讲学的知识分子中,产生了一批杰出的哲学家。他们站在不同的阶级立场上,对社会性变革和时代精神以及音乐艺术等进行哲学反思,形成了各具风格的思想体系和学术派别。其中,最重要的有孔子创立的儒家学派,墨翟创立的墨家学派和老子代表的道家学派。
From the late Spring and Autumn Period to the early Warring States period, the ancient Chinese society entered an era of radical change where old and new were staggered and Fangsheng died. The great changes in social relations have further broken the monopoly of slave-owners and aristocrats in academic culture and promoted the liberation of people’s minds. Among the intellectuals engaged in private lectures, they have produced a number of distinguished philosophers. On the basis of different class positions, they conducted philosophical reflections on social changes and the spirit of the times as well as music and the arts, forming various ideological systems and academic factions. Among them, Confucianism founded by Confucius, Mohist School founded by Mo Zhai and the Taoist school represented by Laozi are the most important.