纤维素是一种天然存在于有机物或植物中储量巨大的可再生资源。醋酸纤维素是在催化剂的作用下,将纤维素的羟基酯化而得到的一种热塑性树脂。由于其具有稳定,易于加工,不易燃烧,生物可降解性等特点,常用来替代天然纤维素作为静电纺丝的原料。静电纺丝技术作为目前制备纳米纤维材料的一种简单有效的方法,近些年来一直备受关注。本文系统介绍了以醋酸纤维素为静电纺丝的基体材料,通过添加纳米粒子、聚合物溶液、表面改性、同轴电纺等物理改性方法以及再生纤维处理和硝化反应等化学改性方法制备改性醋酸纤维素纤维,讨论了改性后的新材料结构和性能等多方面的变化。综述了近几年来国内外关于以静电纺丝法制备改性醋酸纤维素纤维的研究进展以及其在生物医药、组织工程支架、过滤膜以及功能性织物等方面的应用前景。 Cellulose is a large renewable resource that naturally exists in organic matter or in plants. Cellulose acetate is a thermoplastic resin obtained by esterifying the hydroxyl groups of cellulose under the action of a catalyst. Because of its stable, easy processing, non-flammable, biodegradable and other characteristics, commonly used to replace natural cellulose as electrospinning raw materials. As a simple and effective method for preparing nanofiber materials, electrospinning technology has been attracting much attention in recent years. This paper systematically introduced the cellulose acetate as the electrospinning matrix material by adding nanoparticles, polymer solution, surface modification, coaxial electrospinning and other physical modification methods and regeneration of fiber processing and nitrification and other chemical modification methods Preparation of modified cellulose acetate fiber, discussed the modified new material structure and properties, and many other changes. The research progress of preparation of modified cellulose acetate fiber by electrospinning method in domestic and abroad in recent years is reviewed and its application prospects in biomedicine, tissue engineering scaffold, filtration membrane and functional fabric are reviewed.