目的　探讨肾移植后肿瘤的发病情况和防治措施。方法　回顾性分析 931例 10 15次肾移植的临床资料。结果　共发生恶性肿瘤 12例 ,发生率 1.2 8% ,于移植术后 (45 .9± 36 .8)个月 (12～ 12 4个月 )得到明确诊断 ,其中泌尿系统肿瘤 5例 ,硬脑膜小细胞癌、胰头癌、胃腺癌、肝癌、肺门鳞癌及滤泡状淋巴瘤各l例 ,另有 1例原发瘤不明的转移性肝癌。 6例获手术治疗 ,存活 (11.0± 8.8)个月 ,现仍存活 ;5例于诊断后 (4.4± 2 .7)个月死亡。结论　肾移植患者的肿瘤发生率明显增高 ,以泌尿系统的肿瘤多见 ,治疗上应尽早采取以手术为中心的综合治疗 Objective To investigate the incidence of tumor after kidney transplantation and its prevention and treatment. Methods Retrospective analysis of 931 cases of 1015 renal transplantation clinical data. Results A total of 12 malignant tumors were found in 12 cases, with a prevalence of 1.2%. A clear diagnosis was obtained after 45.9 ± 36.8 months (12 to 124 months) after transplantation. Among them, 5 cases of urological tumors, Small cell carcinoma, pancreatic head cancer, gastric adenocarcinoma, liver cancer, hilar squamous cell carcinoma and follicular lymphoma in each case, and another case of primary tumor of unknown metastatic liver cancer. Of the 6 patients who were surgically treated, they survived (11.0 ± 8.8) months and are still alive; 5 died after the diagnosis (4.4 ± 2.7) months. Conclusion The incidence of tumor in renal transplant patients was significantly higher than that in urological tumors, and comprehensive treatment based on surgery should be taken as soon as possible