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哈罗德·布鲁姆教授是耶鲁大学具有里程碑意义和传奇色彩的文学批评家,一个诗歌批评界的一个不可回避的名字,是他那一代人或几代人中最猛烈的、也无疑是最多产的批评家之一。本刊特约记者徐静于2006年5月对布鲁姆教授进行了采访。本次访谈的重点是布鲁姆在20世纪70年代以《影响的焦虑》、《误读的地图》、《卡巴拉与批评》、《诗歌与压抑》四部曲的形式相继提出的、具有爆炸性的“诗歌理论”。布鲁姆认为“影响的焦虑”是他对文学批评最重要的贡献,并用舞蹈这一形象的比喻来解释了他那著名的却常常令人困惑的关于“误读”的“六个定量”。在访谈中,布鲁姆还追溯了几位对爱米莉·狄金森颇有影响的前辈诗人,并简单比较了惠特曼和史蒂文斯。布鲁姆将他的批评生涯概括为三个阶段浪漫主义诗歌的复兴者,诗歌理论家以及面向大众的批评者。在新批评的余辉中,布鲁姆以对英国浪漫主义诗歌的批评开始了其批评生涯。20世纪70年代布鲁姆提出了他那爆炸性的、以四部曲的形式相继问世的“诗歌理论”。进入80年代后,布鲁姆的批评不再艰深难懂,他希望能拥有更广大的读者群。他为普通大众所写的文学批评及“宗教批评”(布鲁姆语)使得哈罗德·布鲁姆成为了美国以及全世界的一个家喻户晓的名字。目前,76岁的布鲁姆正全力写作《影响的解剖》一书,将于2008年由普林斯顿大学出版社出版。
Professor Harold Bloom is a landmark and legendary literary critic at Yale University. An unavoidable name for a poetic critic is the most violent of his generation or generations, and no doubt One of the most prolific critics. Our correspondent Xu Jing interviewed Professor Broome in May 2006. The focus of this interview was that Broome put forward in the 1970s “jokes of anxiety”, “map of misreading,” “Kabbalah and criticism,” and “poetry and repression.” The “theory of poetry.” Broome considers “the anxiety of influence” as his most important contribution to literary criticism and explains his famous but often puzzling “six quantitative” . During the interview, Broome traces several of his predecessors who influenced Emily Dickinson and simply compared Whitman and Stevens. Broome summarizes his critical career as a revival of three stages of romantic poetry, a poetic theorist, and a critic of the general public. In the newly criticized afterglow, Bloom began his critical career with criticism of English Romantic poetry. In the 1970s, Broome proposed his explosive “poetic theory” which came out one after another in the form of a trilogy. After entering the 1980s, Bloom’s criticism is no longer difficult to understand, he hopes to have a wider readership. His literary criticism and “religious criticism” (Bloom), written for the general public, made Harold Bloom a household name in the United States and around the world. Currently, Broome, 76, is writing “The Anatomy of Influence,” which will be published by Princeton University Press in 2008.