目的:分析免疫抑制疗法(IST)和异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)治疗重型再生障碍性贫血(SAA)的疗效。方法:对在我院治疗的24例青少年SAA的临床资料进行回顾性分析。24例SAA患者,8例进行异基因造血干细胞移植,16例应用抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)加环孢素(CsA)进行免疫抑制治疗。2组在发病年龄、性别、疾病严重程度和随访时间上差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结果:接受HSCT者与接受IST治疗者临床有效率分别为75.00%和81.50%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3年无病存活率分别为50.00%和37.50%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:HSCT和IST均为治疗SAA的有效方法,有合适供者的青少年SAA患者可以首选HSCT治疗。 Objective: To analyze the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy (IST) and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in the treatment of severe aplastic anemia (SAA). Methods: The clinical data of 24 adolescent patients with SAA treated in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. 24 patients with SAA, 8 patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, 16 patients with anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) plus cyclosporine (CsA) immunosuppressive therapy. There was no significant difference in age, sex, disease severity and follow-up between the two groups (all P> 0.05). Results: The clinical effective rates of patients receiving HSCT and receiving IST were 75.00% and 81.50%, respectively, with no significant difference (P> 0.05). Three-year disease-free survival rates were 50.00% and 37.50%, respectively, with no significant difference (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Both HSCT and IST are effective methods for the treatment of SAA. HSCT can be the first choice for adolescents with SAA.