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宿主免疫细胞和相关的组织细胞能够通过表达病原模式识别受体(pattern recognition receptor,PRR)即Toll样受体(Toll-like receptor,TLR)、核苷酸寡聚化域样受体(NOD-like receptor,NLR)、维A酸诱导基因Ⅰ样受体(RIG-Ⅰ-like receptor,RLR)检测病毒及其他病原微生物,并将感染信号级联放大,诱发抗病毒天然免疫反应。由于PRR成员识别病原的特异性和机制各具特色,使有关PRR的鉴定及其诱发天然免疫反应的分子机制研究更加具有挑战性,特别是细胞质病原识别受体——RLR引发的信号通路研究已经成为细胞生物学与免疫学领域的热点之一。最新研究发现,泛素化、去泛素化及干扰素刺激基因(interferon stimulating gene,ISG)化等翻译后修饰对RLR介导的抗病毒天然免疫反应具有重要调控作用,成为许多病毒逃逸机体防御系统的主要分子机制。并且最近研究发现了一个新的RLR信号通路中抗病毒免疫分子STING(也称为MITA/MPYS/ERIS),为揭示复杂的抗病毒天然免疫反应提供了新思路。
Host immune cells and related tissue cells can be identified by expressing pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors (NOD- like receptor (NLR) and RIG-Ⅰ-like receptor (RLR) were used to detect the virus and other pathogenic microorganisms. The infection signal cascades were amplified to induce antiviral innate immune responses. Because of the distinctiveness and mechanism of PRR members’ identification of pathogens, the identification of PRRs and the molecular mechanisms by which innate immune responses are induced are even more challenging, especially for the cytoplasmic pathogen recognition receptors Become one of the hot spots in the field of cell biology and immunology. Recent studies have found that posttranslational modifications such as ubiquitination, de-ubiquitination, and interferon-stimulating gene (ISG) play an important regulatory role in RLR-mediated innate antiviral immune responses and have been the target of many virus escapes The main molecular mechanism of the system. Recently, STING (also known as MITA / MPYS / ERIS), an anti-viral immune molecule in a new RLR signaling pathway, was discovered in this study, which provides a new idea for revealing the complex antiviral innate immune response.