目的　探讨中间神经的显微解剖形态与毗邻组织结构的关系。方法　选择经 10 %福尔马林固定血管内灌注混有彩色乳胶的成人尸头 16具。结合听神经鞘瘤三种手术入路 ,在手术显微镜下 ,观测不同部位的中间神经。结果　中间神经分为桥小脑角段 ,内听道段和面神经管段。桥小脑角段与毗邻的关系不恒定 ,内听动脉与中间神经位置相对恒定 ,乙状窦前经迷路入路和颞下经岩入路可以较好地显露中间神经。结论　了解中间神经的显微解剖形态 ,可以正确选择手术入路 ,避免神经损伤 ;保护中间神经同保护面神经运动支一样重要 Objective To investigate the relationship between the microscopic anatomy of the median nerve and the adjacent tissue structure. Methods 16 adult cadaver heads mixed with colored latex were fixed by intravascular perfusion with 10% formalin. Combined with three kinds of surgical approaches of acoustic schwannoma, under different operating microscopes, we observed the interneurons in different parts. Results The median nerve was divided into the cerebellopontine angle, the internal auditory canal segment and the facial nerve canal segment. The relationship between the cerebellopontine angle and the adjacent area is not constant, the location of the internal auditory artery and the median nerve is relatively constant, and the sigmoid sinus can be well exposed through the lost approach and the infratemporal approach. Conclusion Understanding the microanatomical morphology of the interneurons can correctly select the surgical approach to avoid nerve damage; protecting the interneurons is as important as protecting the motor branches of the facial nerve