日益增加的个体和人群流动,是当今世界的特征,所谓现代化,即表现在运输设施大大提高了人员流动的速度,流动的形式也趋多样化。传统的观点认为,流动的个体和人群即是旅行者或移民。现在,每年的国际旅行人数几乎达到1000万人,之中绝大部分是因娱乐或商务原因进行的短期旅行。大部分这类旅行者在旅行过程中和旅居国外期间均未经历艰辛。而全世界近150万国际移民,持单程车票从贫穷之所向富裕之国流动。他们的旅行条件常常是这样的:行程较旅游者要长得多;在新国家里他们的生活状况可能很困苦,而且获得医疗服 The increasing flow of individuals and people is a feature of today’s world. The so-called modernization is manifested in the fact that transport facilities have greatly increased the speed of the flow of people and the forms of mobility have also become more diversified. The traditional view is that the mobile individual and the crowd are travelers or immigrants. Nowadays, the number of international travelers is almost 10 million every year, and the vast majority of them are short-term trips for entertainment or business reasons. Most of these travelers did not experience hardship during and while traveling abroad. Nearly 1.5 million international immigrants from the world have travelled from poor to rich countries with one-way tickets. Their travel conditions are often like this: the journey is much longer than tourists; in a new country their living conditions may be very difficult and they get medical services.