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目的探讨男大学生、焦虑障碍患者和社会人群吸烟行为的不安全感心理特点,提出控制吸烟行为的心理学建议。方法采用自编吸烟行为问卷,筛查出男性大学生(37例)、焦虑障碍患者(56例)、社会人群中的规律吸烟者(43例),并对选择的所有样本以不安全感自评量表(SRF IS)进行测试和比较分析。结果①男大学生规律吸烟率为14.68%、焦虑障碍组规律吸烟率34.78%、社会人群组的吸烟率44.33%;②非吸烟组在生存安全(因子I)、人际安全(因子II)得分有显著差异(F值分别为12.54、20.62;P=0.000),吸烟组则仅在总分上有差异(F值为66.13,P=0.000);③配对t检验显示:大学生组中,吸烟组和非吸烟组在与他人有关系的人际安全(因子II)(t=-3.42,P<0.01)和爱与被爱(因子III)(t=-3.25,P<0.01)2个因子比较有差异,其他2个因子无明显差异;焦虑障碍组在生存安全(因子I)(t=-3.43,P<0.01)、因子II人际安全(t=-3.39,P<0.01)有明显差异,社会人群组在生存安全(因子I)和个人成就安全(因子IV)有明显差异(P<0.01);④在三吸烟组总分两两比较时,焦虑障碍组较大学生组(t=-4.14,P<0.01)和社会人群组(t=-4.11,P<0.01)比较有明显差异,而大学生与社会人群则没有明显差异。结论男大学生、焦虑障碍患者与社会人群存在不同的不安全感心理特点,大学生的控制烟草行为应注意提高其自身的群体认同感,焦虑障碍患者则要强调学习和通过其他方式来缓解其内心的焦虑,而对社会人群的教育除了强调吸烟的危害性之外,更要注意提高对于个人成就感的认识、增强和提高自身成就安全感。
Objective To explore the psychological characteristics of unsafe feeling of smoking behavior among male college students, anxiety disorders and social groups and to put forward psychological counseling to control smoking behavior. Methods Self-compiled smoking behavior questionnaire was used to screen out male college students (37 cases), anxiety disorders (56 cases) and regular smokers (43 cases) in social groups. All samples were self-rated with insecurity Scale (SRF IS) for testing and comparative analysis. Results ① The prevalence of smoking was 14.68% for male students, 34.78% for anxiety disorders, and 44.33% for social groups. (2) There was a statistically significant difference in scores of survival safety (factor I) and interpersonal safety (factor II) among non-smoking groups (F = 66.13, P = 0.000). ③ Paired t-test showed that there was significant difference between the smoking group and the smoking group There was significant difference in non-smoking group with interpersonal safety (factor II) (t = -3.42, P <0.01) and love and be loved (factor III) (t = -3.25, P <0.01) (T = -3.43, P <0.01), and interpersonal safety of factor II (t = -3.39, P <0.01). There was a significant difference between social anxiety group There was a significant difference (P <0.01) between survival safety (factor I) and personal achievement safety (factor IV) in the cohort. (4) P <0.01) and social groups (t = -4.11, P <0.01). There was no significant difference between college students and social groups. Conclusion Male college students, anxiety disorders and social groups have different psychological characteristics of insecurity. College students should pay more attention to improve their own group identity. Patients with anxiety disorders should emphasize learning and other ways to relieve their inner feelings Anxiety, and education of social groups in addition to emphasizing the dangers of smoking, but also pay attention to raising awareness of personal accomplishment, enhance and enhance their own sense of security.