论文部分内容阅读
一般过去时是学英语必须掌握的一种重要时态，也是同学们学习中的难点。它表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语如yesterday、yesterday morning(afternoon, evening)、last night(week, month, year)、 last Sunday(Monday, Tuesday...)、in 2011、two days ago、a moment ago、the day before yesterday等连用。下面我们一起来学习一下一般过去时的几种情况。
一、动词be的一般过去时
动词be有 was 和were 两种过去式形式。was是am、is的过去式， were是are的过去式。如：
You were at home yesterday. 昨天你在家。
He was in Beijing last week. 上周他在北京。
▲be动词的肯定结构：主语 was/were 其他。如：
He was here just now. 他刚才在这里。
I was at school last Friday. 上周五我在学校。
They were very tired yesterday. 他们昨天很劳累。
▲be动词的否定结构：主语 was/were not 其他。如：
My father was not/wasn’t at home last night. 我父亲昨晚不在家。
They were not/weren’t late for class this morning. 他们今天早晨上课没有迟到。
We were not/ weren’t in Grade Eight last year. 去年我们没在八年级。
▲be动词的一般疑问句结构：Was/Were 主语 其他？（注：若对一般疑问句做出回答，肯定形式用“Yes， 主语 was/were”；否定形式用“No，主语 wasn’t/weren’t”。）如：
—Was your English teacher in the classroom just now？
—Yes, he was./No, he wasn’t.
—Were your parents at home last night？
—Yes, they were./No, they weren’t.
二、行为动词的一般过去时
行为动词的一般过去时表示主语在过去时间“做”了什么，侧重于过去的动作或行为。如：
She went to school at seven yesterday. 她是昨天七点钟上学的。
They lived in Beijing last year. 他们去年住在北京。
I knew him last week. 我上周认识他的。
★行为动词过去式的构成
规则动词过去式的变化可速记为“直”、“去”、“双”、“改”四字诀。
①一般在动词原形末尾直接加-ed。如：pack—packed、watch—watched、play—played、visit—visited等；
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词去掉e再加-ed，或理解为直接加上-d。如：like—liked、live—lived、hope—hoped、move—moved等；
③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节的动词，先双写该辅音字母，再加上-ed。如：plan—planned、stop—stopped、shop—shopped、chat—chatted、jog—jogged(慢跑)等；
④结尾是“辅音字母 y”的动词，先将“y”改为“i”，再加-ed。如：carry—carried、worry—worried、study—studied、hurry—hurried等。
不规则动词的过去式要逐一记忆，详见新目标课本（Go for it!）八（上）116页。
★行为动词一般过去时的各种句式
▲肯定句：主语 动词的过去式 其他。动词的过去式没有人称和数的变化。如：
They went to the zoo yesterday. 昨天他们去了动物园。
I met Tom two days ago. 我两天前遇见了汤姆。
▲否定句：主语 didn’t 动词原形 其他。含有动词过去式的句子变成否定句时，行为动词要恢复其原形。如：
He didn’t do homework last night. 昨天晚上他没做作业。
We didn’t go to the movies last weekend. 上周末我们没去看电影。
▲ 一般疑问句：Did 主语 动词原形 其他？（注：肯定回答： Yes， 主语 did；否定回答： No，主语 didn’t。）如：
—Did you have a meeting yesterday？
—Yes, I did./No, I didn’t.
—Did they watch the football match last night？
—Yes, they did./No, they didn’t.
▲特殊疑问句：疑问词 did 主语 动词原形 其他？如：
What did you have for breakfast this morning？ 今天早饭你吃什么了？
Who went to the post office yesterday？ 昨天谁去了邮政局？
How did you go to Beijing yesterday？ 昨天你是怎样去北京的？
三、there be结构的一般过去时
there be结构的一般过去时表示过去某地或某时存在某物或某人。各种句式变化如下：
▲肯定句：由“there was/were 主语 地点状语 时间状语 ”构成。there was后接单数可数名词或不可数名词；there were后接复数名词。如：
There was a car under the tree a moment ago. 刚才这棵树下有一辆小汽车。
There were two foreign teachers in our school last year. 去年我们学校有两名外教。
▲否定句：在动词was或were的后面加not，可缩写为wasn’t或weren’t。如：
There wasn’t a film in the cinema last night.昨天晚上电影院没有放电影。
There weren’t any women doctors then. 当时没有女大夫。
▲一般疑问句及其回答：将动词was或were放在there之前。肯定回答用“Yes, there was/were”；否定回答用“No, there wasn’t/weren’t”。如：
—Was there a woman in the room just now？
—Yes, there was./No, there wasn’t.
—Were there any girl singers in your school last year？
—Yes, there were./No, there weren’t.
▲特殊疑问句及其回答：由“疑问词 was/were there 地点状语 时间状语”构成，有时地点状语和时间状语可省略。答语不能使用Yes或 No，需视情况直接回答。如：
—Why was there so much water？ （这里）为什么有那么多水？
—It was raining just now. （因为）刚才下雨了。
—How many people were there in your class last term？ 上学期你们班有多少人？
—There were fifty. （有）五十个。
■
I. 根据括号内的要求完成句子改写，每空一词。
1. He did his homework last week.（就画线部分提问）
______ _______he _______ last week？
2. I went to the movies on Saturday night.（改为一般疑问句）
____________ ______ to the movies on Saturday night？
3. They went to the Great Wall yesterday.（就画线部分提问）
______ ______they _______yesterday？
4. There were some clever seals in the aquarium.（改为否定句）
There ______ _______ clever seals in the aquarium.
5. Jim buys a souvenir in the shop.（用 yesterday改写句子）
Jim _________a souvenir in the shop yesterday.
6. Anna was with her friend last night. （改为否定句）
Anna ______ _______ with her friend last night.
7. Mike wrote to his father last month. （就画线部分提问）
_______ _______ Mike _____ to his father？
II. 根据汉语完成句子，每空一词。
1. 昨天晚上他没去看电影。
Last night he ______ ______ _______ _______ ________.
2. —你上个星期天干了什么？
—我洗衣服了。
—______ ______ you ______ ______ _______？
—I _______ my clothes.
3. —他昨天是在家学习还是去踢足球了？
—他在家学习了。
—______ he ______ at home ______ ______ _______ yesterday？
—He _______ at home.
4. —昨天你为什么开会迟到？
—因为我的自行车坏了。
—Why ____ you late _____the meeting yesterday？
—Because my bike _______ broken.
5. —刚才教室里有一些男生吗？
—是的，有一些。
—______ there _______ boy students in the classroom just now？
—Yes, ___________ ______.
I. 1. What did； do 2. Did you go 3. Where did； go
4. weren’t any 5. bought 6. was not
7. When did； write
II. 1. didn’t go to the cinema（movies）
2. What did; do last Sunday; washed
3. Did； study；or play football（soccer）；studied
4. were；for; was
5. Were； any； there were some
一、动词be的一般过去时
动词be有 was 和were 两种过去式形式。was是am、is的过去式， were是are的过去式。如：
You were at home yesterday. 昨天你在家。
He was in Beijing last week. 上周他在北京。
▲be动词的肯定结构：主语 was/were 其他。如：
He was here just now. 他刚才在这里。
I was at school last Friday. 上周五我在学校。
They were very tired yesterday. 他们昨天很劳累。
▲be动词的否定结构：主语 was/were not 其他。如：
My father was not/wasn’t at home last night. 我父亲昨晚不在家。
They were not/weren’t late for class this morning. 他们今天早晨上课没有迟到。
We were not/ weren’t in Grade Eight last year. 去年我们没在八年级。
▲be动词的一般疑问句结构：Was/Were 主语 其他？（注：若对一般疑问句做出回答，肯定形式用“Yes， 主语 was/were”；否定形式用“No，主语 wasn’t/weren’t”。）如：
—Was your English teacher in the classroom just now？
—Yes, he was./No, he wasn’t.
—Were your parents at home last night？
—Yes, they were./No, they weren’t.
二、行为动词的一般过去时
行为动词的一般过去时表示主语在过去时间“做”了什么，侧重于过去的动作或行为。如：
She went to school at seven yesterday. 她是昨天七点钟上学的。
They lived in Beijing last year. 他们去年住在北京。
I knew him last week. 我上周认识他的。
★行为动词过去式的构成
规则动词过去式的变化可速记为“直”、“去”、“双”、“改”四字诀。
①一般在动词原形末尾直接加-ed。如：pack—packed、watch—watched、play—played、visit—visited等；
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词去掉e再加-ed，或理解为直接加上-d。如：like—liked、live—lived、hope—hoped、move—moved等；
③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节的动词，先双写该辅音字母，再加上-ed。如：plan—planned、stop—stopped、shop—shopped、chat—chatted、jog—jogged(慢跑)等；
④结尾是“辅音字母 y”的动词，先将“y”改为“i”，再加-ed。如：carry—carried、worry—worried、study—studied、hurry—hurried等。
不规则动词的过去式要逐一记忆，详见新目标课本（Go for it!）八（上）116页。
★行为动词一般过去时的各种句式
▲肯定句：主语 动词的过去式 其他。动词的过去式没有人称和数的变化。如：
They went to the zoo yesterday. 昨天他们去了动物园。
I met Tom two days ago. 我两天前遇见了汤姆。
▲否定句：主语 didn’t 动词原形 其他。含有动词过去式的句子变成否定句时，行为动词要恢复其原形。如：
He didn’t do homework last night. 昨天晚上他没做作业。
We didn’t go to the movies last weekend. 上周末我们没去看电影。
▲ 一般疑问句：Did 主语 动词原形 其他？（注：肯定回答： Yes， 主语 did；否定回答： No，主语 didn’t。）如：
—Did you have a meeting yesterday？
—Yes, I did./No, I didn’t.
—Did they watch the football match last night？
—Yes, they did./No, they didn’t.
▲特殊疑问句：疑问词 did 主语 动词原形 其他？如：
What did you have for breakfast this morning？ 今天早饭你吃什么了？
Who went to the post office yesterday？ 昨天谁去了邮政局？
How did you go to Beijing yesterday？ 昨天你是怎样去北京的？
三、there be结构的一般过去时
there be结构的一般过去时表示过去某地或某时存在某物或某人。各种句式变化如下：
▲肯定句：由“there was/were 主语 地点状语 时间状语 ”构成。there was后接单数可数名词或不可数名词；there were后接复数名词。如：
There was a car under the tree a moment ago. 刚才这棵树下有一辆小汽车。
There were two foreign teachers in our school last year. 去年我们学校有两名外教。
▲否定句：在动词was或were的后面加not，可缩写为wasn’t或weren’t。如：
There wasn’t a film in the cinema last night.昨天晚上电影院没有放电影。
There weren’t any women doctors then. 当时没有女大夫。
▲一般疑问句及其回答：将动词was或were放在there之前。肯定回答用“Yes, there was/were”；否定回答用“No, there wasn’t/weren’t”。如：
—Was there a woman in the room just now？
—Yes, there was./No, there wasn’t.
—Were there any girl singers in your school last year？
—Yes, there were./No, there weren’t.
▲特殊疑问句及其回答：由“疑问词 was/were there 地点状语 时间状语”构成，有时地点状语和时间状语可省略。答语不能使用Yes或 No，需视情况直接回答。如：
—Why was there so much water？ （这里）为什么有那么多水？
—It was raining just now. （因为）刚才下雨了。
—How many people were there in your class last term？ 上学期你们班有多少人？
—There were fifty. （有）五十个。
■
I. 根据括号内的要求完成句子改写，每空一词。
1. He did his homework last week.（就画线部分提问）
______ _______he _______ last week？
2. I went to the movies on Saturday night.（改为一般疑问句）
____________ ______ to the movies on Saturday night？
3. They went to the Great Wall yesterday.（就画线部分提问）
______ ______they _______yesterday？
4. There were some clever seals in the aquarium.（改为否定句）
There ______ _______ clever seals in the aquarium.
5. Jim buys a souvenir in the shop.（用 yesterday改写句子）
Jim _________a souvenir in the shop yesterday.
6. Anna was with her friend last night. （改为否定句）
Anna ______ _______ with her friend last night.
7. Mike wrote to his father last month. （就画线部分提问）
_______ _______ Mike _____ to his father？
II. 根据汉语完成句子，每空一词。
1. 昨天晚上他没去看电影。
Last night he ______ ______ _______ _______ ________.
2. —你上个星期天干了什么？
—我洗衣服了。
—______ ______ you ______ ______ _______？
—I _______ my clothes.
3. —他昨天是在家学习还是去踢足球了？
—他在家学习了。
—______ he ______ at home ______ ______ _______ yesterday？
—He _______ at home.
4. —昨天你为什么开会迟到？
—因为我的自行车坏了。
—Why ____ you late _____the meeting yesterday？
—Because my bike _______ broken.
5. —刚才教室里有一些男生吗？
—是的，有一些。
—______ there _______ boy students in the classroom just now？
—Yes, ___________ ______.
I. 1. What did； do 2. Did you go 3. Where did； go
4. weren’t any 5. bought 6. was not
7. When did； write
II. 1. didn’t go to the cinema（movies）
2. What did; do last Sunday; washed
3. Did； study；or play football（soccer）；studied
4. were；for; was
5. Were； any； there were some