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目的动态观察清远市放射工作人员眼晶状体和淋巴细胞微核变化情况,评价低剂量X射线受照人员的放射损伤状况。方法以本市2010年、2012年和2014年接受放射工作人员职业健康检查的分别为271人、309人和312人分别设为2010组、2012组和2014组,同时选择本市非放射工作的医务人员323人为对照组,各组人员均进行眼晶状体检查和周围血淋巴细胞微核检测,分析比较检测结果。结果 2010组、2012组和2014组的放射工作人员眼晶状体混浊率和淋巴细胞微核率与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);各组人员眼晶状体混浊率和淋巴细胞微核率均随着工龄和平均年龄增加而升高(P<0.01);放射工龄>15年的各组放射工作人员眼晶状体混浊率均比同工龄的对照组明显升高(P<0.01);放射工龄>15年的2010组、2012组放射工作人员淋巴细胞微核率比同工龄的对照组明显升高(P<0.05)。结论长期接触低剂量X射线对眼晶状体和遗传物质均可造成一定损伤,低剂量放射工作人员仍应加强放射防护,保障其健康和安全。
Objective To observe the change of micronucleus in lens and lymphocyte of radiation workers in Qingyuan City and evaluate the radiation injury of low-dose X-ray workers. Methods Taking the occupational health examination of radiation workers in 2010, 2012 and 2014 in our city as 271, 309 and 312 respectively as the 2010 group, the 2012 group and the 2014 group, and at the same time we chose the non-radiological work in our city Medical staff of 323 people for the control group, each group of patients were carried out eye lens examination and peripheral blood lymphocytes micronucleus test, analysis and comparison test results. Results There was no significant difference in the lens opacification rate and lymphocyte micronucleus rate among the radiologists in 2010, 2012 and 2014 groups (P> 0.05). The ophthalmological turbidity rate and lymphocyte (P <0.01). The lens opacification rate of radiographers in each group with radioactive age> 15 years was significantly higher than that in the same length of service control group (P <0.01) In the 2010 and 2012 radiotherapy workers with more than 15 years of age, the frequency of lymphocyte micronuclei in radiographers in 2012 group was significantly higher than that in the control group with the same length of life (P <0.05). Conclusion Long-term exposure to low-dose X-rays can cause some damage to the lens and genetic material of the eye. Low-dose radiological workers should still enhance their radiological protection to ensure their health and safety.