目的探讨营养支持联合无创正压通气治疗尘肺合并呼吸衰竭患者的临床疗效。方法选取2014年3月至2016年6月于鞍山市职业病防治院就诊的62例尘肺合并呼吸衰竭患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为常规组与试验组,各31例。常规组患者单纯采取营养支持治疗,试验组患者在常规组治疗基础上联合无创正压通气治疗,对比两组患者临床治疗效果。结果试验组患者治疗的总有效率明显高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组患者治疗后的Pa O2水平明显高于常规组,Pa CO2水平明显低于常规组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);试验组与常规组患者有创机械通气率分别为6.5%与29.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对尘肺合并呼吸衰竭患者而言,在营养支持基础上联合无创正压通气治疗方案可帮助患者明显降低有创机械通气率,提高临床治疗效果。 Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of nutritional support combined with non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in the treatment of patients with pneumoconiosis and respiratory failure. Methods From March 2014 to June 2016, 62 patients with pneumoconiosis and respiratory failure who were treated in Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital of Anshan City were selected as study subjects and divided into routine group and experimental group according to random number table method, with 31 cases in each group. Patients in the conventional group were treated with nutritional support alone. Patients in the experimental group were treated with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on the basis of routine treatment, and the clinical effects were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the conventional group (P <0.05). The PaO2 level of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the conventional group and the PaCO2 level was significantly lower than that of the conventional group (P <0.05). The invasive mechanical ventilation rates in trial group and routine group were 6.5% and 29.0%, respectively, with statistical significance (P <0.05). Conclusion For patients with pneumoconiosis and respiratory failure, the combination of nutritional support and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation can help patients significantly reduce the invasive mechanical ventilation and improve the clinical effect.