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以木兰林管局孟滦林场杨桦天然次生林为研究对象,调查不同年龄阶段(9a,18a,28a)及不同层次(乔木层、灌木层、草本层)的物种组成情况,并使用Excel和Forstat软件计算物种的生物多样性指数,用SPSS 17.0软件分析各个指数间的差异。结果表明:林内物种共计155种,隶属于50科104属,18a生林分内物种数量最多,为120种。白桦、山杨和棘皮桦为乔木层优势种,毛榛为灌木层优势种,草本层则以糙苏和乌苏里苔草为优势种;乔木层Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和均匀度指数均表现为9a<28a<18a;灌木层为18a<9a<28a,草本层各指数表现为28a<9a<18a,且均大于乔木层和灌木层。
Based on the natural secondary forest of Betula alnoides in Mengluan Forest Farm of Mulan Forestry Bureau, the species composition of different ages (9a, 18a, 28a) and different layers (arbor, shrub layer, herb layer) were investigated and analyzed using Excel and Forstat Software calculates the species diversity index and analyzes the differences between the indices using SPSS 17.0 software. The results showed that there were 155 species in the forest, belonging to 104 genera in 50 families. The species number in the 18-year-old forest was the largest, with 120 species. Betula platyphylla, Populus euphratica and Betula platyphylla were the dominant species in tree layer, hazelnut was the dominant species in shrub layer, while the herb layer was dominated by Phyllostachys ussuriensis and Carex lasiocarpus. Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index and evenness index For 9a <28a <18a; shrub layer was 18a <9a <28a, and herb layer index was 28a <9a <18a, both of which were greater than that of tree layer and shrub layer.