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目的探讨极低频电磁场(extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields,ELF-EMF)不同暴露时间对雌、雄果蝇生殖、寿命、氧化应激水平的影响。方法未交配雌、雄果蝇于50 Hz、3 mT ELF-EMF全天连续暴露1、2、3 d,测定其寿命、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、子代数量、子代雌雄比。结果暴露2、3 d雌蝇及暴露3 d雄蝇,其子代F1数量、雌雄比均显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),雄性子代数量较多。暴露雌、雄果蝇体内SOD活性升高但无显著性差异(P>0.05),MDA水平随着暴露时间增加梯度递增,其中雌蝇暴露2、3 d后MDA水平极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),雄蝇暴露2、3 d后MDA含量与对照组相比均显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。暴露处理后40 d内,雄蝇死亡率随着暴露时间增加;而雌蝇生存曲线变化与对照组基本一致。暴露后雌、雄果蝇平均寿命与半数死亡期与暴露时间呈负相关。结论经50 Hz、3 mT ELF-EMF暴露可降低果蝇生殖能力和寿命,影响子代性别决定,诱导果蝇产生氧化应激反应。
Objective To investigate the effects of ELF-EMF exposure on reproductive, life span and oxidative stress in female and male Drosophila melanogaster. Methods The male and female flies were exposed to 3 mT ELF-EMF at 50 Hz for 1, 2, and 3 days continuously for 1, 2, and 3 days. The longevity, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) Number, offspring male and female ratio. Results The number of male and female male flies exposed for 3 days and 3 days were significantly decreased (P <0.05 or P <0.01), and the number of male offspring was more. (P> 0.05). The level of MDA increased gradually with the increase of exposure time. The MDA level in female and male flies was significantly higher than that in control group P <0.01). The content of MDA in male flies was significantly increased after exposure for 2 and 3 days (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Within 40 days after exposure, the mortality of male flies increased with the exposure time, while the changes of the survival curves of female flies were basically the same as the control group. After exposure, the average life span of male and female flies was negatively correlated with the half of the dead and the exposure time. Conclusion Exposure to 50 Hz, 3 mT ELF-EMF can reduce the reproductive abilities and longevity of Drosophila melanogaster, influence sex decisions of offspring, and induce oxidative stress response in Drosophila.