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【摘要】非谓语动词句法功能较多,而其中作状语更是历年高考英语考察的热点。本文结合非谓语动词常见习题及高考试题,对非谓语动词作状语及易混题型进行比较和分析。
【关键词】非谓语动词 独立主格结构 并列句 复合句
【中图分类号】G427
【文献标识码】A
【文章编号】1006——5962(2012)01(a)——0091——00
非谓语动词是高中英语语法学习的一个重点和难点,其句法功能较多,在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。从近几年高考考察的非谓语动词所充当各成分统计数字看,作状语是考察的最大热点(曲一线主编,《5年高考3年模拟》(2012版)。本文结合非谓语动词的常见习题及高考试题,分析归纳一下非谓语动词作状语的用法及易混淆题型的解题方法。
1 非谓语动词作状语
(1)不定式作状语可表示目的、结果、原因等。
例1.——some work I’d been putting off,I had to stayup last night.
A.Finishing
B.Having finished
C.To have finished
D.To finish
[解析]“熬夜”的目的是为了完成先前推迟的工作,不定式作目的状语,故选D。
例2.He hurried to the booking office only that aLl theticketS had been sold out.(2006陕西)
A.tO tell B,tO be told
C.telling D.told
[解析]本句考察不定式与only连用表出人意料的结果,答案为B。“only to be told”译为“结果被告知”,类似的结构还有onlyto find,only to learn等。
例3.We were astonished the temple still m itS originalcondition.(2010辽宁)
A.finding B.tO find C.find D.tO be found
[解析]不定式作原因状语,常跟在表情感或心理活动的形容词后。答案为B。
(2)现在分词可作时间、原因、条件、方式、结果、伴随状语等。按照与主语的主被动关系及与谓语的时间关系可分为四种形式,即一般式:doing,being done完成式having done,having been done。
例1.Lots of rescue workers were working around theclock,——supplies to Yushu,Qinghai Province afer theearethquake.(2010福建)
A.sending B.tO send C.having sent D.tO have sent
[解析]选项中的“send”与主语“rescue workers”之间为主动关系,且与谓语“work”同时进行,故选A作伴随状语。
例2~Dina
for months to find a job as a waitress,finally took a position at a local advertising agengy.(2010湖南)
A.struggling
B.struggled
C.having struggled
D.tO struggle
[解析]struggle与主语Dina与间为主动关系,且发生在谓语took之前,故选C。
(3)过去分词作状语,与主语之间是被动的关系,分词所表示的动作一般先于谓语动词发生,有时也表示同时进行。
例:——into English,the sentence was found to have anentirely different word order.(2011天津)
A.Translating
B.Translated
C.To translate
D.Having translate
[解析]句中主语the selqsence与translate间为被动关系,故选B。
2 易混题型辨析
2.1 易混题型一
独立主格结构。分词作状语时,其逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语;若不是,则需在其前面加上自己的逻辑主语,构成独立主格结构。做这种题型时,主要看分词与其前面的名词或代词(逻辑主语)间的关系。
例1:All flights——because of the heavy rainstorm,we havetO wait until tomorrow.
A.were canceled
B.have been canceled
C.having been canceled
D.having canceled
[解析]句中逗号后并无并列连词,可知该句其实是简单句,故排除A和B。All nhts为cancel的逻辑主语,之间为被动关系,故选c,逗号前为分词的独立主格结构作原因状语。
例2.——in the repair shop,11e had to drive his brother’s instead.
A.Repaired
B.Being repaired
C.Repairing
D.His car being repaired
[解析]本句考察独立主格结构,选D。
2.2 易混题型二
祈使句+and/or+简单句。该句型中可把祈使句改为由if或if…not引导的条件状语从句。
例1.——the website of the Fire Departmentn your city,and you will learn a lot about firefighting.
A.Having searched B.To search C.Searching D.Search
[解析]从选项上看该题好像在考察非谓语动词,但句中逗号后有and,故选D。
例2.——me the truth,or I’m not going to leave theroom.
A.Tell B.Telling C.To tell D.If you tell
[解析]由句中的or,可知选A。
参考文献
[1]张向阳,非谓语动词的句法功能比较与分析[J].中小学外语教学,2011,11:41~42.
[2]曲一线,5年高考三年模拟·高考英语[M].北京:首都师范大学出版社,教育科学出版社,2011.
【关键词】非谓语动词 独立主格结构 并列句 复合句
【中图分类号】G427
【文献标识码】A
【文章编号】1006——5962(2012)01(a)——0091——00
非谓语动词是高中英语语法学习的一个重点和难点,其句法功能较多,在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。从近几年高考考察的非谓语动词所充当各成分统计数字看,作状语是考察的最大热点(曲一线主编,《5年高考3年模拟》(2012版)。本文结合非谓语动词的常见习题及高考试题,分析归纳一下非谓语动词作状语的用法及易混淆题型的解题方法。
1 非谓语动词作状语
(1)不定式作状语可表示目的、结果、原因等。
例1.——some work I’d been putting off,I had to stayup last night.
A.Finishing
B.Having finished
C.To have finished
D.To finish
[解析]“熬夜”的目的是为了完成先前推迟的工作,不定式作目的状语,故选D。
例2.He hurried to the booking office only that aLl theticketS had been sold out.(2006陕西)
A.tO tell B,tO be told
C.telling D.told
[解析]本句考察不定式与only连用表出人意料的结果,答案为B。“only to be told”译为“结果被告知”,类似的结构还有onlyto find,only to learn等。
例3.We were astonished the temple still m itS originalcondition.(2010辽宁)
A.finding B.tO find C.find D.tO be found
[解析]不定式作原因状语,常跟在表情感或心理活动的形容词后。答案为B。
(2)现在分词可作时间、原因、条件、方式、结果、伴随状语等。按照与主语的主被动关系及与谓语的时间关系可分为四种形式,即一般式:doing,being done完成式having done,having been done。
例1.Lots of rescue workers were working around theclock,——supplies to Yushu,Qinghai Province afer theearethquake.(2010福建)
A.sending B.tO send C.having sent D.tO have sent
[解析]选项中的“send”与主语“rescue workers”之间为主动关系,且与谓语“work”同时进行,故选A作伴随状语。
例2~Dina
for months to find a job as a waitress,finally took a position at a local advertising agengy.(2010湖南)
A.struggling
B.struggled
C.having struggled
D.tO struggle
[解析]struggle与主语Dina与间为主动关系,且发生在谓语took之前,故选C。
(3)过去分词作状语,与主语之间是被动的关系,分词所表示的动作一般先于谓语动词发生,有时也表示同时进行。
例:——into English,the sentence was found to have anentirely different word order.(2011天津)
A.Translating
B.Translated
C.To translate
D.Having translate
[解析]句中主语the selqsence与translate间为被动关系,故选B。
2 易混题型辨析
2.1 易混题型一
独立主格结构。分词作状语时,其逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语;若不是,则需在其前面加上自己的逻辑主语,构成独立主格结构。做这种题型时,主要看分词与其前面的名词或代词(逻辑主语)间的关系。
例1:All flights——because of the heavy rainstorm,we havetO wait until tomorrow.
A.were canceled
B.have been canceled
C.having been canceled
D.having canceled
[解析]句中逗号后并无并列连词,可知该句其实是简单句,故排除A和B。All nhts为cancel的逻辑主语,之间为被动关系,故选c,逗号前为分词的独立主格结构作原因状语。
例2.——in the repair shop,11e had to drive his brother’s instead.
A.Repaired
B.Being repaired
C.Repairing
D.His car being repaired
[解析]本句考察独立主格结构,选D。
2.2 易混题型二
祈使句+and/or+简单句。该句型中可把祈使句改为由if或if…not引导的条件状语从句。
例1.——the website of the Fire Departmentn your city,and you will learn a lot about firefighting.
A.Having searched B.To search C.Searching D.Search
[解析]从选项上看该题好像在考察非谓语动词,但句中逗号后有and,故选D。
例2.——me the truth,or I’m not going to leave theroom.
A.Tell B.Telling C.To tell D.If you tell
[解析]由句中的or,可知选A。
参考文献
[1]张向阳,非谓语动词的句法功能比较与分析[J].中小学外语教学,2011,11:41~42.
[2]曲一线,5年高考三年模拟·高考英语[M].北京:首都师范大学出版社,教育科学出版社,2011.