本文整合技术追赶的传统理论观点,构造出基于技术学习的后发国家产业技术追赶分析框架,并运用这一框架分析来自中国高铁装备产业的第一手调研数据。结果表明,该产业能够在后发情境下快速发展出正向设计能力,得益于四个主要因素,即强调工程化和商业化的技术能力建设思路,传承有序的人力资源积累和协调有效的长期合作机制,持续完善、高效运转的行业试验体系,以及密集试验、批量应用中发现问题与解决问题的高强度学习机制。本文进一步讨论了高铁装备产业对中国装备制造业发展正向设计能力、加快技术追赶速度的借鉴意义,据此提出了相关政策启示。 This paper integrates the traditional theory of technology catching up and constructs the technological catching-up analysis framework of late-stage countries based on technology learning, and uses this framework to analyze the first-hand research data from China's high-speed rail equipment industry. The results show that the industry can quickly develop the positive design capability under the circumstances of late-onset due to four main factors: emphasizing the engineering and commercialization of technical capacity-building ideas, inheriting and orderly accumulation of human resources and coordinating effectively Long-term cooperation mechanism, continuous improvement and efficient operation of the industry test system, as well as intensive testing, batch application of problems and solve problems in high-intensity learning mechanism. This article further discusses the high-speed railway equipment industry for China's equipment manufacturing industry forward design capability, speed up technology catch-up significance of reference, accordingly, the relevant policy enlightenment.