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目的了解上海地区老年人慢性阻塞性肺部疾病(COPD)的患病率及其伴随因素。方法利用流行病调查表,随机对1214名上海城乡60岁以上居民进行问卷调查,并进行统计学分析。结果上海地区老年人COPD患病率为12.11%,其中女性6.47%,男性18.94%;城市7.98%,农村16.7%;性别和城乡间患病率均有显著差异(P<0.05)。COPD患病的高伴随因素,在男性中有受教育程度、室内和厨房通风条件、吸烟和吸烟年支数、咳嗽、喘息、煤尘接触史8个;女性中有受教育程度、被动吸烟、喘息3个;城市居民中有吸烟和吸烟年支数、咳嗽、喘息、年龄5个;农村居民中有性别、受教育程度、职业接触史、吸烟年支数、喘息、年龄6个。结论上海60岁以上居民的COPD患病率,男性明显高于女性,农村明显高于城市;吸烟年支数多、经常有呼吸道症状、室内通风条件差、受教育程度低的人群更易患COPD。
Objective To understand the prevalence and its accompanying factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the elderly in Shanghai. Methods Using epidemiological survey, 1214 residents in Shanghai urban and rural areas above 60 years of age were randomly surveyed and statistically analyzed. Results The prevalence of COPD was 12.11% in Shanghai elderly population, 6.47% in female and 18.94% in male; 7.98% in urban area and 16.7% in rural area. There was significant difference in gender and between urban and rural areas (P <0.05). COPD prevalence of high accompanying factors, education in men, indoor and kitchen ventilation, smoking and smoking years count, cough, wheezing, coal dust exposure history of 8; women have education, passive smoking, 3 respite, 3 respite inhabitants, 3 respite inhabitants, 3 respite inhabitants, 3 wheezing inhabitants, 5 inhabitant inhabitants in urban areas, cough, wheezing, age 5, sex, educational attainment, occupational exposure, smoking count, wheezing and age 6 among rural residents. Conclusion The prevalence of COPD in Shanghai residents over the age of 60 is significantly higher than that of females in rural areas and significantly higher in rural areas than in urban areas. Residents with more years of smoking often have respiratory symptoms, poor ventilation in the indoor environment, and people with low education are more susceptible to COPD.