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儿童卒中的发病率为(2~3)/100000,是儿童死亡的十大病因之一。儿科卒中近一半的为出血性脑卒中(PS)。HS主要包括自发性脑实质内出血(IPH)和非外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)。非外伤性SAH最常见于颅内动脉瘤,诊断与治疗方案与IPH不同。本文重点在于IPH,即最常见的HS类型,不包括外伤性颅内出血以及缺血性脑卒中(IS)并发的出血改变。1危险因素儿童IPH的常见病因为动静脉畸形(AVM)、血液疾病脑肿瘤。其他病因包括海绵状血管瘤、血管病变、血管炎颅内及全身性感染。
The incidence of stroke in children is (2-3) / 100000, one of the top 10 causes of child death. Nearly half of pediatric strokes are hemorrhagic stroke (PS). HS mainly includes spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (IPH) and non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Non-traumatic SAH is most common in intracranial aneurysms, with different diagnostic and therapeutic regimens than IPH. This article focuses on IPH, the most common HS type, and does not include traumatic intracranial hemorrhage and changes in bleeding associated with ischemic stroke (IS). A risk factor Common causes of IPH in children are arteriovenous malformations (AVM), blood diseases, brain tumors. Other causes include cavernous hemangiomas, vascular lesions, intracranial and systemic infections of vasculitis.