一、引言石质文物在全部文物类别中占有极其重要的地位,种类繁多。石窟寺、摩崖造像、石雕、石刻、石碑等都是石质文物中的精华,都属于多孔类文物,且常年暴露于露天环境下,极易受到外界自然因素的破坏。一般来说,石质文物的风化过程备受关注的是物理和化学作用,例如酸雨、冻融以及有害气体,而生物的作用尤其是微生物的作用常被忽视。但其实岩石的微生物风化作用是地球表生环境中广泛存在的一种地质作用,主要是指微生物代谢产物会将矿物中的一部分物质溶解流失,另一部分物质残留,伴随这一 I. INTRODUCTION Stony cultural relics occupy an extremely important position in all cultural relics and have a great variety. Grottoes, cliff statues, stone carvings, stone carvings and stone tablets are the essence of stone artifacts. They belong to porous artifacts and are exposed to open air all the year round and are easily damaged by natural factors. In general, the weathering process of stone relics has drawn much attention to the physical and chemical effects such as acid rain, freeze-thaw and harmful gases, and the role of organisms, especially microorganisms, is often neglected. However, in fact, the microbial weathering of rocks is a widespread geological phenomenon in epigenetic environment of the earth, mainly refers to the microbial metabolites will be a part of mineral dissolved loss, the other part of the material residue, along with this