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如果让人们看到他们的犯罪可能受到宽恕,或者刑罚并不一定是犯罪的必然结果,就会煽惑起犯罪不受处罚的幻想。一、问题的提出——[意]贝卡里亚偶然防卫是指行为人主观上没有防卫意图,但其实施的行为在客观上起到了保护自己或者无辜第三人的防卫效果的事实样态。根据行为人对其所实施的行为的主观心态不同,可将偶然防卫分为故意的偶然防卫、过失的偶然防卫以及意外的偶然防卫[1];根据防卫行为所保护的法益主体不同,可将偶然防卫分为救助他人型的偶然防卫与保全自己型的偶然防卫。究其实质,偶然防卫体现为被防卫人在两个相互衔接的行为中的不同身份(加害人与被害人)的竞合关系。正是这种竞合关系使得偶然防卫人的刑事责任问题成为刑法学上一个极具争议的理论问题。
Letting people see that their crimes may be forgiven, or that punishments are not necessarily the result of an act of sin, will incite the fantasy of impunity. First, the issue put forward - [Italy] Beccaria occasional defense refers to the perpetrator did not intend to defensive intent, but its implementation of the act objectively played to protect themselves or innocent third-person defensive results of the fact . According to the behavior of the perpetrator of the subjective attitude of their behavior may be different from the accidental defense can be divided into intentional accidental defense, casual accidental defense and casual accidental accidental defense [1]; under the defense of the main interests of different subjects can be Incidental defense is divided into rescue of others by accidental defense and save their own type of casual defense. In essence, contingency defense manifests itself as the competing relationship between different identities (perpetrators and victims) of the defenders in the two inter-linked behaviors. It is this competing relationship that makes the issue of the criminal responsibility of casual defenders a controversial theoretical issue in criminal law.