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目的探讨2010—2016年在苏州市第五人民医院住院的尘肺病患者主要死亡原因及分布情况,为尘肺病的防治提供科学依据。方法通过回顾流行病学分析方法,对64例尘肺病死亡病例进行死亡情况分析。结果 64例死亡病例中,肺心病28例(43.8%),恶性肿瘤18例(28.1%),心脑血管疾病27例(42.2%),呼吸衰竭32例(50.0%);恶性肿瘤在尘肺壹、贰、叁期死亡患者中的比例分别为42.4%、15.4%及11.1%。各期病死率分别为2.51%、4.49%和31.03%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=122.381,P<0.05);石棉肺患者中,心脑血管疾病死亡比例为78.6%,显著高于矽肺患者(30.6%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=10.333,P<0.01);冬春季(10—3月份)死亡人数占总人数的73.4%。结论加强职业健康检查工作,对尘肺病患者做到早发现早治疗和预防并发症的发生,其中尘肺患者肿瘤筛查及石棉肺患者心脑血管疾病的进展情况对于预后尤为重要。
Objective To investigate the main causes and distribution of pneumoconiosis inpatients from 2010 to 2016 in the Fifth People’s Hospital of Suzhou City, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis. Methods By reviewing epidemiological analysis, the death of 64 cases of pneumoconiosis was analyzed. Results Of the 64 deaths, 28 (43.8%) were pulmonary heart disease, 18 (28.1%) were malignant tumors, 27 (42.2%) were cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and 32 (50.0%) were respiratory failure. , II and III deaths were 42.4%, 15.4% and 11.1% respectively. The mortality of each stage was 2.51%, 4.49% and 31.03%, respectively, with significant difference (χ ~ 2 = 122.381, P <0.05). Among asbestosis patients, the death rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was 78.6% The incidence of silicosis (30.6%) was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 10.333, P <0.01). The death toll in winter and spring (October-March) was 73.4% of the total. Conclusion To strengthen the occupational health examination, early detection of pneumoconiosis patients and prevention of complications should be carried out. The progress of tumor screening and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in patients with pneumoconiosis is particularly important for prognosis.