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目的了解阳春市2009—2013年乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)发病特征及流行规律,为进一步制定乙肝防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学分析方法对阳春市2009—2013年乙肝疫情资料进行统计分析。结果 2009—2013年阳春市共报告乙肝4 805例,年均发病率为84.34/10万,各年发病率在62.48/10万~99.10/10万之间波动,并呈逐年上升趋势(P<0.01)。发病数居前5位的镇(街)分别为春城街道1 053例、岗美镇354例、八甲镇345例、松柏镇293例和潭水镇188例,该5个镇发病数占总病例数的46.47%(2 233/4 805);农村地区乙肝发病率为80.56/10万(3 752/4 657 479),市区发病率为101.26/10万(1 053/1 039 894),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。男性3 452例,女性1 353例,男女性别比为2.55∶1,男性年均发病率为114.15/10万,女性年均发病率为50.60/10万,男性发病率高于女性(P<0.01)。发病年龄集中在20~59岁,共3 636例,占病例总数的75.67%。职业分布以农民为主,共2 535例,占病例总数的52.76%。结论乙肝是阳春市重点传染病之一,应加强对乙肝的健康宣传教育和疫苗强化接种工作。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and prevalence of hepatitis B in 2009-2013 in Yangchun, and to provide a scientific basis for further development of hepatitis B prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the epidemiological data of hepatitis B in Yangchun from 2009 to 2013. Results In 2009-2013, a total of 4 805 cases of hepatitis B were reported in Yangchun City, with an average annual incidence of 84.34 / 100 000. The incidence of each year fluctuated between 62.48 / 100000 and 99.10 / 100000 and showed an upward trend year by year (P < 0.01). The top five towns (streets) were respectively No. 1 053 in Chuncheng Street, 354 in Gangmei Town, 345 in Bajia Town, 293 in Songbai Town and 188 in Tamsui Town. The incidence rates of the five towns accounted for The incidence of hepatitis B in rural areas was 80.56 / 100000 (3 752/4 657 479) and the urban area incidence was 101.26 / 100000 (1053/1 039 894), accounting for 46.47% (2 233/4 805) The difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). There were 3 452 males and 1 353 females with a male / female ratio of 2.55: 1. The average annual incidence of males was 114.15 / lakh. The annual average incidence of females was 50.60 / lakh and the incidence rate was higher in males than in females (P <0.01) ). The age of onset concentrated in 20 to 59 years old, a total of 3 636 cases, accounting for 75.67% of the total number of cases. Occupational distribution mainly farmers, a total of 2 535 cases, accounting for 52.76% of the total number of cases. Conclusion Hepatitis B is one of the major infectious diseases in Yangchun City. Hepatitis B health education and vaccination should be strengthened.