目的　探索降低体表型纤维肉瘤和结节性筋膜炎的误诊率的方法。方法　对 2 9例体表型纤维肉瘤和18例结节性筋膜炎作回顾性诊断分析。结果　全组病例均经病理切片确诊。2 7例纤维肉瘤行扩大根治 ,2例因结节较小被误诊。 11例结节性筋膜炎术前误诊而行扩大切除 ,2例术中冰冻切片确诊。 3例完整切除。结论　降低误诊率 ,必须注意鉴别纤维肉瘤和结节性筋膜炎 ,但确诊仍需借助病理甚至免疫组化检查。 Objective To explore ways to reduce the misdiagnosis rate of body surface fibrosarcoma and nodular fasciitis. Methods Twenty-nine patients with fibrous surface sarcoma and 18 cases of nodular fasciitis were retrospectively analyzed. Results All cases were confirmed by pathological section. Two out of 7 cases of fibrosarcoma underwent extended radical resection, and 2 cases were misdiagnosed because of small nodules. 11 cases of nodular fasciitis were misdiagnosed before surgery and underwent extended resection, and 2 cases were diagnosed with intraoperative frozen sections. Three cases were completely resected. Conclusions To reduce the misdiagnosis rate, we must pay attention to the identification of fibrosarcoma and nodular fasciitis, but the diagnosis still needs to rely on pathological or even immunohistochemical examination.