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方言区内通行地域广、可懂度高且与外区方言交叉而又意义一致的狭义方言词,统称为方言关系词。汉语方言从同一个祖语里分化出来而且处在频繁密切的接触中,因此,各方言词汇必然会有一批共同的关系词。方言关系词可以用来研究方言之间的亲疏关系和接触关系。通过对湘语区长沙、益阳、衡山、娄底、邵阳、绥宁、辰溪、溆浦八个方言点常用词汇的调查和整理,首先在湘语区内部进行比较,提取出湘语通行词,然后将湘语通行词与其他方言区词汇进行比较,最终提取330条湘语关系词。从湘语关系词判定湘语与各大方言及官话各方言片的亲疏远近的关系:湘语与西南官话、赣语的关系最密切。
The narrow dialect words which have a wide geographical coverage, high intelligibility and cross-meaning with the outside dialects in the dialect are collectively referred to as the dialect-related words. Chinese dialects from the same ancestral language differentiation and in close contact, therefore, the dialect vocabulary will inevitably have a number of common relations. Dialect-related words can be used to study the dialect between the closeness and the relationship between the contact. Through the investigation and arrangement of commonly used terms in the eight dialects of Changsha, Yiyang, Hengshan, Loudi, Shaoyang, Suining, Chenxi and Xupu in the Xianglang District, the author first makes a comparison between the Xiang dialect regions and extracts the Xiang dialect and then passes the Xiang dialect The words are compared with those in other dialects, and finally 330 words of Xiang language are extracted. Judging from the relation between the Xiang language and Xiang dialect and major dialects and Mandarin dialect films between the close and distant relations: Xiang and Southwest Mandarin, Gan language most closely.