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对20例足月新生儿,经颈总动脉注射含墨汁的乳胶液,显示听小骨的动脉。在解剖显微镜下观察到锤骨和砧骨具有滋养动脉和粘膜动脉,而镫骨只由粘膜动脉供应。鼓室前动脉是锤骨和砧骨的主要动脉来源,经岩鼓裂进入鼓室,分为五支——锤骨动脉、砧骨动脉、上支、后支和鼓索支。锤骨动脉为滋养动脉,经锤骨颈部的滋养孔入骨,砧骨动脉经长脚基部的滋养孔入骨。上支和后支为粘膜动脉,供应锤骨头、砧骨体和短脚。锤骨柄由分布于鼓膜上的耳深动脉和茎乳动脉的分支供应。砧骨长脚的粘膜动脉由砧骨动脉的分支、沿鼓索分布的动脉以及来自镫骨方面的动脉供应。镫骨的动脉一是来自面神经管内的动脉,一是来自鼓室岬血管丛。来自后者的有:镫骨头动脉、镫骨后脚动脉和镫骨前脚动脉,前两种动脉过去未曾被提到。面神经管内有茎乳动脉和岩浅动脉,前者发出镫骨肌腱动脉,后者发出残存的镫骨动脉及后脚动脉。关于砧镫关节及砧骨长脚下部的血供,来自镫骨方面的动脉多于砧骨方面的动脉。综上所述,由第一鳃弓软骨发生的锤骨头、砧骨体和短脚主要由鼓室前动脉分布,由第二鳃弓软骨发生的听小骨的其余部分主要由茎乳动脉供应。
Twenty adult full-term newborns were injected with the latex solution containing the ink via the common carotid artery to show the ossicles of the artery. Under the dissecting microscope, it is observed that the malleus and the incus have nourishing arteries and mucosal arteries whereas the stapes are only supplied by the mucosal arteries. The anterior tympanic artery is the main source of mastoid and incus arterial sources and enters the tympanum via petrous cleavage. It is divided into five branches: the mastoidal artery, the incus artery, the superior branch, the posterior branch and the branch of the drum. The malleus artery nourishes the artery, nourishes the hole through the neck of the malleus, and the incus artery penetrates the nostril into the bone through the base of the long foot. The superior and posterior branches are mucosal arteries supplying malleus, anvil bodies and short legs. The malleus stem is supplied by the branch of the deep ear artery and the stem milk artery which are distributed on the tympanic membrane. The muco-arteries of the incus long foot are branched from the branches of the incus artery, along the artery of the chorda, and from the stapes. The stapes arteries come from the arteries in the facial nerve canal, and from the tympanic cavernous vascular plexus. From the latter are the tarsal artery, the posterior tarsal artery and the tarsal anterior tibial artery, the first two arteries never mentioned in the past. The facial nerve canal has a stalked artery and a superficial petrous artery. The former sends out the stapes tendon artery, which sends out the remaining tarsal artery and the posterior foot artery. Regarding the blood supply to the anvils and the lower anvil incarceration, there are more arteries in the stapes than in the incus. Taken together, the head, anvil body and short foot of the first glenoid cartilage are mainly distributed by the tympanic artery, and the rest of the ossicular bony which occurs by the second glenoid cartilage is mainly supplied by the stem-milk artery.