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铁路通用车型中,强侧风作用下棚车的气动性能最差。利用二维定常不可压缩N-S方程、k-ε两方程紊流模型,采用有限体积法对强侧风作用下棚车气动外形进行了优化研究。结果表明,棚车车顶形状对强侧风作用下棚车气动性能有较大影响,圆弧型车顶的P65型棚车气动性优于“人”字型车顶P64型棚车;棚车侧壁和车顶圆弧采用圆弧过渡比直接连接的效果好,综合考虑棚车气动性能和有效容量两方面因素,建议车顶圆弧和过渡圆弧半径分别取2692mm和500mm。
In the general railroad cars, the box car has the worst aerodynamic performance under strong crosswind. The two-dimensional turbulence model with two-dimensional steady incompressible N-S and k-ε equations was used to optimize the aerodynamic shape of the box car under the action of strong crosswind by the finite volume method. The results show that the roof shape of the box car has a great influence on the aerodynamic performance of the box car under the action of the strong crosswind. The aerodynamic performance of the circular car P65 box car is better than that of the P64 box car with “Ren” shape roof; Top arc circular arc transition than the direct connection effect is good, considering the aerodynamic performance of the box and the effective capacity of two factors, the proposed roof arc and transitional arc radius were taken 2692mm and 500mm.