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随着地下工程建设的大、长、深发展趋势,大型突水地质灾害逐渐成为制约地下空间建设发展的瓶颈问题,是岩石力学与工程研究领域急需解决的关键科学技术难题。在系统收集整理国内外相关资料的基础上,从突水的灾变条件与演化特征、突水通道的形成机制、渗流灾变规律与突变机理以及突水预测与监测理论等方面系统总结了当前突水机理的研究方法及其存在的问题,提出了“施工人为扰动和岩溶水及水压力扰动诱发破裂是相对完整岩体破断突水的本质所在,地质缺陷体本身渗流力学的多元动态信息则是地质缺陷式突水灾变演化过程描述的关键所在”这一学术思路。通过现场突水实例分析与数值模拟结果,认为突水机理的研究需从两方面着手,即突水通道形成的微观作用机制与含导水构造系统失稳突水的宏观力学判据,考虑地质因素和工程因素的双重影响,并结合突水前兆多元信息实时在线采集与分析的监测方法,对有效探测含导水构造的物探方法进行补充,为突水预报预测奠定理论基础。
With the trend of large, long and deep development of underground engineering construction, the large-scale water inrush geological disasters gradually become the bottleneck restricting the development of underground space construction and are the key scientific and technological problems urgently needed to be solved in the field of rock mechanics and engineering research. Based on the systematic collection and processing of relevant data at home and abroad, the current water inrush was systematically summarized from the catastrophic conditions and evolution characteristics of water inrush, the formation mechanism of water inrush channel, the law of catastrophic catastrophe and catastrophe and the theory of water inrush prediction and monitoring Mechanism of research methods and existing problems, proposed “Construction man-made disturbances and karst water and water pressure induced disturbance rupture is the essence of the relative complete rock mass water inrush, geological dynamic body seepage mechanics is multi-dynamic information is Geological fault-type water inrush disaster evolution process described the key lies in ”this academic idea. Through the case analysis and numerical simulation results, it is considered that the research on water inrush mechanism must proceed from two aspects: the micro-mechanism of water inrush channel formation and the macroscopic mechanical criterion of water inrush and water inrush system, Factors and engineering factors. Combined with the real-time on-line monitoring and monitoring method of multi-information of water inrush precursors, the geophysical methods for effective detection of water-bearing structures are supplemented, which lays a theoretical foundation for water inrush prediction.