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关于土族族系,学术界主要有三种意见:一种认为土族是元朝在青海的驻军与当地前霍尔人通婚后形成的;一种认为土族以历史上的吐谷浑人为主,吸收了一部分蒙古人而形成;三是源于沙陀突厥。高启安在《西北民族研究》一九八九年第一期发表《“红帽子”考略》一文,对土族来源又提出了新的看法。作者指出:明嘉靖、万历年间及以后的一些西北边疆史料和甘肃、青海的一些地方志中出现的一个叫作‘红帽子”的部族,至少是现在青海省互助土族自治县境内土族的先民。作者引证
There are mainly three opinions on the issue of the family community in the academic community: one is that the Tu nationality was formed after the marriage of the Yuan Dynasty’s garrison in Qinghai with the local former Holger; the one that believed that the Tu people, dominated by history, absorbed a part of Mongolia People form; third is from Shatuo Turks. Gao Qian published a paper titled “Textual Research on Red Hat” in the first issue of Northwest Ethnic Studies in 1989, and put forward a new view on the origin of the Turkish nation. The author points out that some tribes known as “Red Hats” appeared in some historical records of the northwestern border between Ming Jiajing and Wanli, and later and some local chronicles in Gansu and Qinghai, at least the ancestors of the Tu nationality now living in the Huzhu Autonomous County of Qinghai Province.