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微核是指间期细胞核旁染色与主核一致的圆形或椭圆形小体,它起源于染色体的断片、单个或一组落后的染色体,具有进行DNA复制的能力。许多实验证明,外周血淋巴细胞或骨髓细胞的微核率均与染色体畸变之间有良好的相关性,而且微核率用于评价某些物质的生物效应比中期染色体分析更为快速和客观。目前采用的方法较多,它们各有优缺点。本文就文献中各种测定微核的制片方法、检测对象和标本特点等问题概述如下。
Micronucleus refers to a round or oval body that is stained by the interphase nucleus and is identical to the main nucleus. It originates from a fragment of a chromosome, a single or a group of backward chromosomes, and has the ability to perform DNA replication. Many experiments have shown that there is a good correlation between the micronuclear rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes or bone marrow cells and chromosomal aberrations, and the micronucleus rate is used to evaluate the biological effects of certain substances more quickly and objectively than metaphase chromosome analysis. There are many methods currently used and they have their own advantages and disadvantages. This article summarizes the various methods for determining micronuclear production methods, test objects, and specimen characteristics in the literature.