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目的了解辽宁省鼠密度、鼠类种群构成、不同生境鼠密度情况及其变化趋势,为制定鼠类防控方案提供科学依据。方法于2006-2015年,在城镇设置居民区和特殊行业2种类型监测点,农村设置村内和村外2种类型监测点,采用夹夜法进行鼠密度监测。结果 2006-2015年辽宁全省共布放鼠夹1 059 319夹次,有效夹1 009 744夹次,捕获鼠类18 929只,平均鼠密度为1.87%,2006-2015年10年间鼠密度整体呈下降趋势。城市鼠密度(1.15%)远低于农村(2.69%),农村村内(3.39%)>农村村外(1.97%)>特殊行业(1.32%)>居民区(0.97%)。2006-2015年辽宁省农村村内、特殊行业和居民区鼠密度均呈下降趋势,而农村村外鼠密度呈先下降后回升趋势。褐家鼠为辽宁省优势鼠种,但其构成比呈下降趋势,黑线姬鼠和小家鼠构成比呈上升趋势,黑线仓鼠和大仓鼠构成比基本稳定。居民区、特殊行业和农村村内优势种为褐家鼠,农村村外优势种为黑线姬鼠,不同生境中褐家鼠的构成比均呈下降趋势,小家鼠构成比均呈上升趋势,但农村村外黑线姬鼠构成比呈上升趋势。黑线仓鼠和大仓鼠在4种生境的构成比在稳定的区间内变化不明显。结论 2006-2015年辽宁省鼠密度整体呈下降趋势,农村应作为重点防控地区;不同生境鼠种构成不同,应对优势鼠种采取有针对性的防制措施以降低鼠密度,从而达到控制鼠传疾病的目的。
Objective To understand the rodent density, rodent population composition, density of rodents in different habitats and their changing trend in Liaoning Province, and provide a scientific basis for the development of rodent prevention and control programs. Methods From 2006 to 2015, two types of monitoring sites were set up in residential areas and special industries in urban areas. Two types of monitoring sites were set up in villages and outside villages. The nighttime density monitoring method was used. Results From 2006 to 2015, a total of 1 059 319 clips were placed in Liaoning province, with 1 009 744 clips in a row, capturing 18 929 mice with an average mouse density of 1.87%. During the 10 years from 2006 to 2015, the overall mouse density was Downtrend. Urban rat density (1.15%) is much lower than that of rural areas (2.69%), rural villages (3.39%), rural villages (1.97%), special industries (1.32%) and residential areas (0.97%). From1920to2015, the density of rodents in rural areas, special trades and residential areas in Liaoning Province showed a downward trend, while the density of rodents in rural villages dropped first and then rose again. Rattus norvegicus is the predominant species in Liaoning province, but its composition ratio is decreasing. The composition ratio of Apodemus agrarius and Mus musculus is on the rise, and the composition ratio of black line hamster and big hamster is basically stable. The dominant species in residential areas, special trades and rural villages were Rattus norvegicus, and the dominant species outside the rural village were Apodemus agrarius. The composition ratio of Rattus norvegicus in different habitats showed a decreasing trend, and the composition ratio of Rattus norvegicus showed an upward trend. However, the composition ratio of Apodemus agrarius outside the rural village is on the rise. The composition ratio of black hamster and big hamster in four habitats is not obvious in the stable interval. Conclusion The rat density in Liaoning Province showed a decreasing trend overall from 2006 to 2015, and the rural areas should be the key prevention and control areas. In different habitats, the species composition of the rats was different, and the targeted rat strains should be taken to reduce the rat density so as to control the rats The purpose of the disease.