明清时期,大运河的开通使得山东西部运河地区出现了以临清、德州、东昌、济宁为代表的著名的工商业城市。随着这些城市商业的繁荣,它们的社会风气也发生了很大的变化,这主要表现在三个方面:一是社会上的崇奢之风日胜。二是城市市井文化的兴起,城市生活丰富多彩。三是城市商业文化的兴起。 During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the opening of the Grand Canal led to the famous commercial and industrial cities represented by Linqing, Dezhou, Dongchang and Jining in the western part of Shandong. With the prosperity of these cities’ business, their social ethics have also undergone great changes. This is manifested mainly in three aspects: First, the social supremacy prevails. Second, the rise of urban market culture, rich and colorful urban life. Third, the rise of urban commercial culture.