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生产资料公有制是设置我国土地制度的起点,集体组织向农民分配宅基地,形成我国农村宅基地公有私用制度。我国土地制度本质是一套针对公有生产资料的自上至下管理体系,由此决定集体所有与一般意义上的财产所有权不同,法律上的宅基地使用权也与一般其他物权不同。宅基地管理要实现集体内部资源公平配置和土地有效利用两重目标。宅基地财产化主张不仅错误地认识宅基地市场价值,而且破坏公有与私用的平衡关系,瓦解集体内部宅基地公共管理机制的制度基础。城市化进程中所产生的宅基地问题,显示出基层政府与集体组织管理能力弱化。下一步改革要坚持土地公有性质,通过强化基层治理能力,实现宅基地“用益”性质,采用城乡住房保障政策挂钩办法促进农民进城,并实施“村庄更新”政策,提高留村农民居住福利。
The public ownership of the means of production is the starting point for setting up the land system in our country. The collective organization distributes homesteads to peasants and forms the public-private system of rural homesteads in our country. The nature of China’s land system is a set of top-down management system aimed at the production of public goods. Therefore, the collective ownership of property is different from the property ownership in the general sense. The right to use house sites in law is also different from that of other property rights in general. Homestead management to achieve the fair allocation of resources within the collective and the effective use of land with two objectives. The property advocacy of homestead not only misunderstood the market value of homestead, but also undermined the balance between public ownership and private ownership and undermined the institutional foundation of the public management mechanism of housing sites within the collective. The problem of housing sites arising from the process of urbanization shows the weakening of the management capacity of grassroots government and collective organizations. The next step of reform should adhere to the public nature of the land. By strengthening the grass-roots governance capacity and realizing the “benefits” of housing sites, the peasant should be encouraged to enter the city by pegging the urban-rural housing security policy and implementing the policy of “village renewal” Peasant welfare.