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目的探讨医院感染病原菌耐药性与临床抗菌药物使用频度。方法选取2011年1月至2014年12月住院的37 546例患者为研究对象,对其病原菌耐药性、抗菌药物使用频度及标本送检率进行统计分析。结果临床抗菌药物中使用最多的为头孢菌素类,其次是氟喹诺酮类;头孢菌素类及氟喹诺酮类的DDDs值最高;头孢菌素类DDDs值逐年增长,青霉素类DDDs值逐年下降;医院感染病原菌以大肠埃希菌、产酸克雷伯菌为主,大肠埃希菌构成比逐年上升;大肠埃希菌、产酸克雷伯菌对头孢菌素类和青霉素类药物耐药率均呈上升趋势。结论临床应合理选择抗菌类药物及其使用频度,可有效抑制医院感染的发生,降低医院感染病原菌耐药率。
Objective To investigate the drug resistance of hospital-acquired pathogens and the frequency of clinical antibacterials use. Methods A total of 37 546 patients hospitalized from January 2011 to December 2014 were selected as study subjects. The pathogenic bacteria resistance, antimicrobial frequency and rate of specimens were analyzed statistically. Results The most frequently used antibacterials were cephalosporins, followed by fluoroquinolones; cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones had the highest DDDs; cephalosporins DDDs increased year by year while penicillins DDDs decreased year by year; Escherichia coli and Klebsiella oxytoca were the main pathogens of infection, and the proportion of Escherichia coli was increased year by year. The resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella oxytoca to cephalosporins and penicillins were Upward trend. Conclusion The rational choice of antimicrobial agents and the frequency of their use should be effective in inhibiting the occurrence of nosocomial infections and reducing the rate of nosocomial infections.