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“违法成本远远低于守法成本”是造成我国生态环境和自然资源利用领域违法行为于数量上增多、程度上严重的主要经济动因,在涉水领域具有典型代表性。基于对涉水生产行为的考察,本文运用经济学中的激励原理,分析违法行为的成本和收益,建议从科学确定违法行为的法定成本、有效增大受罚概率、辨证处理法定成本与受罚概率两者之间的关系这三个方面健全和完善“违法成本>守法成本”机制,促成预防治理和末端治理的结合。
“Illegal costs are far below the cost of law-abiding ” is the main economic motivation that causes the number of illegal activities in the field of ecological environment and natural resources utilization in China to increase in number and severity, and is typical in the field of water wars. Based on the investigation of wading production behavior, this paper uses the incentive principle in economics to analyze the costs and benefits of illegal activities. It is suggested that the statutory cost of illegal activities should be determined scientifically to increase the penalty probability effectively. The relationship between these three aspects of sound and improve the “cost of law> law-abiding costs ” mechanism to promote the combination of prevention and treatment and end-of-governance.