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目的调查四川汶川地震灾区伤员和伤员家属的心理状况,探讨重大自然灾害事件对人们心理的影响情况。方法采用90项症状自评量表(SCL-90)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、自制的灾区伤员一般情况调查表、睡眠情况调查表以及心理应激调查表,对196名四川汶川灾区伤员和伤员家属的心理状况进行调查。结果196名灾区伤员和伤员家属中,SCL-90各因子均分均高于正常人群,差异有显著性(P<0.05),其中,躯体化、抑郁、焦虑和恐怖性因子均分与常模相比较,差异有极其显著性(P<0.01)。HAMA总分>14分的有23例(11.7%);HAMD总分>20分的有29例(14.8%);睡眠量表总分>7分的有96例(49%);应激量表总分>10分的有74例(37.7%);具有明显的创伤后综合症并且符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版(CCMD-3)中创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状学标准的有11例(5.6%);此外,符合CCMD-3脑器质性精神障碍诊断标准的有1例。结论地震对人们心理的影响是普遍而严重的,对灾区伤员和伤员家属要进行随访,并需要为其提供早期的合适的心理干预。
Objective To investigate the psychological status of the wounded and injured relatives in the earthquake-hit area of Wenchuan, Sichuan Province, and discuss the psychological impact of major natural disasters on people’s psychology. Methods Ninety-nine Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), self-made questionnaire about general condition of wounded victims, sleep status questionnaire and psychological stress The questionnaire surveyed the psychological status of 196 wounded and injured relatives in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province. Results Among the 196 wounded and injured relatives, SCL-90 factors were significantly higher than those in normal controls (P <0.05). Somatization, depression, anxiety and horror factors were equally divided into norm Compared with the difference was significant (P <0.01). Twenty-nine (14.7%) had HAMA score> 14 and 96 (49%) had HAMA score> 14; 74 (37.7%) with a total score of> 10 had significant post-traumatic syndromes and conformed to the PTSD Symptoms in CCMD-3 (CCMD-3) The standard 11 cases (5.6%); In addition, in line with CCMD-3 brain organic mental disorders in 1 case. Conclusion The impact of earthquakes on people’s psychology is widespread and serious. Victims of the earthquake and their relatives are required to follow up and need early psychological intervention.