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目的了解2007-2012年上海市杨浦区居民食物摄入状况并探讨居民膳食结构及其变化情况。方法收集整理杨浦区于2007、2011、2012年开展的三次“上海市居民营养与健康状况调查”资料数据,计算居民平均每标准人日各类食物摄入量及膳食结构并与《中国居民膳食指南》中各类食物推荐量进行比较分析。结果 2007-2012年杨浦区居民粮谷类、蔬菜、水果、畜禽肉类、蛋类、奶类的平均摄入量成增加趋势(P值均<0.05),分别增加20.3%、56.7%、78.9%、30.4%、55.9%、32.1%;居民能量、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物的平均摄入量成增加趋势(P值均<0.05),分别增加24.5%、12.4%、16.7%,35.7%;但脂肪供能比成下降趋势(P值<0.05),碳水化合物供能比成升高趋势(P值<0.05)。结论杨浦区居民膳食状况逐步改善,但仍存在膳食结构不平衡现象,居民奶类、水果、大豆及坚果类消费仍处于较低水平,油、盐摄入量过多及脂肪供能过高。应鼓励居民多吃蔬菜、水果、奶类、大豆及其制品,减少油、盐及动物性食物摄入量,同时广泛开展健康教育,指导人群合理膳食,提高健康水平。
Objective To understand the food intake of residents in Yangpu District of Shanghai from 2007 to 2012 and to explore the changes of dietary patterns and residents. Methods Data of three surveys on nutrition and health status of Shanghai residents conducted in Yangpu District in 2007, 2011 and 2012 were collected to calculate the average daily intake of various types of food and dietary structure for each standard person day and the data of “ Residents Dietary Guidelines ”in various types of food recommended for comparative analysis. Results The average intake of cereals, vegetables, fruits, livestock and poultry meat, eggs and milk in Yangpu District increased from 20.3% to 56.7% and 78.9% respectively from 2007 to 2012 (P <0.05) The average intake of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate increased with the increase of 24.5%, 12.4%, 16.7% and 35.7%, respectively (P <0.05) However, the ratio of fat to energy showed a decreasing trend (P <0.05), while the carbohydrate energy supplied ratio increased (P <0.05). Conclusion The residents in Yangpu district have gradually improved their dietary status. However, there is still an imbalance in dietary structure. The consumption of dairy products, fruits, soybeans and nuts is still at a low level. Excessive oil and salt intake and excess fat supply are also found. Residents should be encouraged to eat more vegetables, fruits, dairy products, soybeans and their products to reduce the intake of oil, salt and animal foods. At the same time, extensive health education should be conducted to guide people to a reasonable diet and improve their health.