一如果把冯友兰先生提出的“负的方法”运用到思想史的研究中,我们不难发现一个有规律性的现象:某种思想学说的精神旨趣,除了可以通过直接解读其经典文本而得以阐明之外,还能够以“正言若反”的方式凸显于它惯常遭受的各种批评中。这对于具有独异的个体取向并长期被视为异端旁 If we apply the “negative method” proposed by Feng Youlan to the study of the history of ideas, it is not difficult for us to find a regular phenomenon: the spiritual interest of a certain kind of ideology can be elucidated by directly reading its classic texts In addition, it can also be highlighted in the various criticisms it is routinely subjected to in the “right and wrong” way. This has a distinctly individual orientation and has long been regarded as a heresy