这里对文言語法只談一个极其概括的輪廓。分为三个方面加以叙述:(一)句子成分;(二)詞序;(三)单复数。 (一)句子成分上古汉語句法成分有两个主要的特点:第一是判断句一般不用系詞;第二是第三人称代詞一般不用作主語。判断句,又叫做名詞謂語句,就現代汉語說,也就是“是”字句。例如“孔子是鲁国人”,这就是一个判断句,“是”字是判断句中的系词。在上古汉語里,这个句子只能是:“孔子,魯人”、“孔子,魯人也”或“孔子者,魯人也”,不用系詞“是”字。有人以为文言文里另有系詞“为”字、“乃”字等,那至少不是正常的情况。甚至在判断句中用了副詞的时候,依現代汉語語法应該认为这些副詞都是修飾系詞 Here on the classical grammar only talk about an extremely general outline. Divided into three aspects to be described: (a) sentence components; (b) word order; (c) singular and plural. (A) Sentence Components Ancient Chinese syntactic components have two main characteristics: the first is to judge the sentence generally do not use the Department of words; the second is the third personal pronouns generally not used as the subject. Judgment sentence, also known as noun predicate, to modern Chinese, that is, “yes” words. For example, “Confucius is a Lupin”, this is a judgment sentence, “yes” is the sentence in the sentence. In Old Chinese, the sentence can only be: “Confucius, Lu Ren”, “Confucius, Lu Ren Ye” or “Confucius, Lu Ren also,” without the word “is”. Some people think that there is another colloquial “to” or “nai” in classical Chinese, which is not at least normal. Even when adverbs are used in judgment sentences, these adverbs should be regarded as modifiers according to modern Chinese grammar