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目的了解2009—2014年深圳市福田区工作场所苯系物职业危害状况,为制定控制苯系物职业危害的具体措施和方案提供依据。方法对使用苯系物企业进行职业卫生学调查,工作场所空气中苯系物经活性炭采集,二硫化碳解析后,注入氢火焰离子检测器(FID)气相色谱仪进行分析,计算空气中苯系物浓度,并对福田区5年内的空气样品的检测结果分布进行分析。结果苯系物中,甲苯的检出率最高(36.7%),其余依次为乙苯(26.7%)、二甲苯(16.2%)、苯(6.9%)、苯乙烯(2.4%)。苯的检出率虽低,但检出浓度[8 h时间加权平均浓度(CTWA)]较高,27.3%的检出样品CTWA超过职业接触限值,部分样品达到职业接触限值的3~4倍,最高浓度为23.8 mg/m3。风险较大的其次为甲苯,6.7%的检出样本CTWA超过限值的50%,并有1.5%检出样品超标。二甲苯、乙苯、苯乙烯风险较小,其中乙苯检出率虽高,但浓度较低,CTWA全部分布于职业接触限值的10%以下。结论相比于二甲苯、乙苯、苯乙烯,福田区工作场所苯、甲苯职业危害风险较大,应有针对性地加强生产工艺改革和通风等防护措施,改善作业环境,加强职业卫生健康监测。
Objective To understand the occupational hazards of benzene series in the workplace of Futian District in Shenzhen City from 2009 to 2014 and provide the basis for formulating concrete measures and schemes to control occupational hazards of benzene series. Methods To investigate the occupational hygiene of enterprises using benzene series, the benzene series in the air of the workplace were collected by activated carbon and analyzed by carbon disulfide. The samples were analyzed by FID gas chromatograph. The concentration of benzene series , And analyzed the distribution of test results of air samples in Futian District within 5 years. Results The highest detection rate (36.7%) of toluene was found in benzene series, followed by ethyl benzene (26.7%), xylene (16.2%), benzene (6.9%) and styrene (2.4%). Although the detection rate of benzene was low, the detected concentration [8 h time weighted average concentration (CTWA)] was higher, while 27.3% of the detected samples exceeded the occupational exposure limit and some of the samples reached the occupational exposure limit of 3 to 4 Times, the highest concentration of 23.8 mg / m3. Toluene, which is most at risk, was detected in 6.7% of the samples with a CTWA value exceeding 50% of the limit value and 1.5% of the samples were detected as exceeding the standard. Xylenes, ethylbenzene and styrene are less risky. The detection rate of ethylbenzene is high but the concentration is low. The CTWA is all distributed below 10% of the occupational exposure limit. Conclusion Compared to xylenes, ethylbenzene and styrene, Futian District workplace benzene and toluene occupational hazards are greater, should be targeted to strengthen the production process reform and ventilation and other protective measures to improve the operating environment and strengthen occupational health monitoring .