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目的探讨尘肺患者的期望寿命。方法选择2005年1月—2012年12月安徽铜陵有色第二职工医院289例矽肺死亡病例为对象。以职业病报告及死亡登记表为依据,建立数据库。编制寿命表,绘制生存曲线,分析各年龄段死亡率特征,预测尘肺患者的期望寿命。结果矽肺患者平均发病年龄为58.3岁,平均死亡年龄为76.1岁,平均病程为17.8a。对比1998年资料,发病年龄增加8.7岁,平均死亡年龄增加17岁,平均病程增加7.3a。患者患病后5a、10a、20a、30a,期望寿命分别为17.2a、16.7a、9.8a、7.8a。死因依次为尘肺、肺癌、肺心病、肺结核、肺炎、其他肿瘤、心脑血管疾病及其它。结论国有工矿企业劳动环境及医疗劳保条件的改善,降低了尘肺的病死率,患者寿命接近正常人群。
Objective To explore the life expectancy of pneumoconiosis patients. Methods From January 2005 to December 2012, 289 cases of silicosis death in the Second Workers Hospital of Tongling Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd. were selected as the object. Based on occupational disease report and death registration form, establish a database. The life table was drawn up, the survival curves were drawn, the characteristics of mortality in all age groups were analyzed, and the life expectancy of patients with pneumoconiosis was predicted. Results The average age of onset of silicosis was 58.3 years. The average age of death was 76.1 years. The average course of disease was 17.8 years. Comparing 1998 data, the age of onset increased by 8.7 years, the average age of death increased by 17 years, the average duration increased 7.3a. Patients after the illness 5a, 10a, 20a, 30a, life expectancy were 17.2a, 16.7a, 9.8a, 7.8a. The causes of death were pneumoconiosis, lung cancer, pulmonary heart disease, tuberculosis, pneumonia, other tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and others. Conclusion The improvement of labor environment and medical insurance conditions in state-owned industrial and mining enterprises has reduced the mortality rate of pneumoconiosis patients and their life expectancy is close to the normal population.