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中国古代专制主义产生的原因是什么?近代以来许多学者试图对其做出解答。其中对我国影响最大的是马克思的“亚细亚生产方式”理论和魏特夫的“治水社会”理论。而我们的研究发现,马克思的“亚细亚生产方式”理论存在改进空间,学术界对魏特夫理论的批判也未触及到问题关键。其中一个关键问题在于我国学术界对“国家”、“专制”、“中央集权”等概念认识的模糊和混乱。而采用“形式专制”、“实质专制”这对概念,能有效解决此问题。在此视角下,我国古代政权形态实际上经历了从“形式专制”到“实质专制”的过程。
What happened to the ancient Chinese despotism? Many scholars in modern times tried to answer it. Among them, the most influential to our country are Marx’s theory of “Asian mode of production” and Weit’s theory of “flood control society”. However, our research finds that there is room for improvement in Marx’s “Asian mode of production ” theory, and critics of Werthert’s theory in academia have not touched the key issue. One of the key issues lies in the vagueness and chaos of the academic circles in China that give rise to concepts such as “state”, “autocracy” and “centralization of authority”. The use of “form of autocracy ”, “substantive autocracy ” This concept can effectively solve this problem. From this perspective, the form of the ancient regime in our country actually went through the process of changing from “form autocracy ” to “substantive autocracy ”.