目的 了解门诊人群高血压和糖尿病的患病情况和影响因素,提出进行针对性的健康教育和治疗的重要性。方法 采用横断面的临床流行病学研究,涉及我国北方、南方和中部城市各级医院18家,在内科、妇科和其他科,对35岁以上的9703例门诊患者进行现场检查和问卷调查。结果高血压患病率为46.5％,高血压知晓率为77.1％,治疗率69.5％,治疗控制达标率仅为22.7％,糖尿病患病率为11.7％,在高血压患者中糖尿病患病率为16.3％。健康知识主要采源于报纸、杂志、家人和朋友的占70％,危险评估高危和极高危组占75.4％。结论 提高知晓率是接受治疗的第一步,加强健康教育和健康促进,非药物和药物治疗,提高达标率,尤其在糖尿病人群中,降压比降糖更能预防大血管事件。正确注重舆论导向,防止误导和错导。 Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of hypertension and diabetes in outpatients, and to put forward the importance of targeted health education and treatment. Methods A cross-sectional clinical epidemiological study involving 18 hospitals at all levels in northern, southern and central cities of China was conducted. In the departments of internal medicine, gynecology and other departments, 9,703 outpatients over the age of 35 were investigated on site and questionnaires. Results The prevalence rate of hypertension was 46.5%, the rate of hypertension was 77.1%, the treatment rate was 69.5%, the rate of treatment control was only 22.7% and the prevalence of diabetes was 11.7%. The prevalence of diabetes in hypertensive patients was 16.3%. Health knowledge mainly comes from newspapers, magazines, family and friends accounted for 70%, risk assessment of high-risk and very high risk group accounted for 75.4%. Conclusion Increasing the awareness rate is the first step to receive treatment. Health education and health promotion, non-drug and drug treatment are strengthened and the compliance rate is raised. Especially in people with diabetes, antihypertensive therapy can prevent macrovascular events more effectively than hypoglycemic agents. Correctly pay attention to public opinion, to prevent misleading and wrong guidance.