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脊髓损伤是一种严重的神经系统损伤,其致残率和致死率较高。随着交通及建筑业的发展,脊髓损伤的发病率逐年增高,其病理生理机制复杂,临床治疗效果不佳,给家庭和社会带来沉重负担。为进一步认识脊髓损伤的发病机制,提高临床救治水平,有必要对脊髓损伤动物模型研究进行不断完善与发展。目前已有挫伤型、压迫型、缺血损伤型、横断损伤型、牵拉损伤型等多种动物模型,但没有一种模型能完全模拟临床脊髓损伤的病理生理过程,无法精确控制脊髓损伤的程度和范围。为了更好的研究脊髓损伤的发病机制及修复方式,脊髓损伤动物模型需具有临床相似性、可重复性、可调控性。为合理制作与临床各类脊髓损伤发病机制更为接近的脊髓损伤动物模型提供参考,该文就脊髓损伤动物实验模型的研究进展予以综述。
Spinal cord injury is a serious neurological damage, its morbidity and mortality is higher. With the development of transportation and construction industry, the incidence of spinal cord injury is increasing year by year. The pathophysiological mechanism is complicated and the clinical treatment effect is not good, which brings heavy burden to families and society. In order to further understand the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury and improve the level of clinical treatment, it is necessary to continuously improve and develop the animal model of spinal cord injury. At present, there are many animal models such as contusion type, compression type, ischemic injury type, transection type, traction injury type, etc. However, none of the models can completely simulate the pathophysiological process of clinical spinal cord injury and can not accurately control the spinal cord injury Degree and scope. In order to better study the pathogenesis and repair of spinal cord injury, animal model of spinal cord injury should have clinical similarity, repeatability and regulatability. In order to provide a reasonable reference for the animal model of spinal cord injury, which is more closely related to the pathogenesis of various types of spinal cord injury in clinic, the article reviews the research progress of animal model of spinal cord injury.