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面对21世纪全球生态正义的实践困境,英国著名政治生态学家布赖恩·巴克斯特在生态主义意识形态立场上,展开了对新自由主义、女性主义以及马克思主义三大思潮下的生态正义理论的批评,并在此基础上提出“自我决定”的生态道德原则、“基本关心”的生态正义要求和“生态政府”的生态政治主张。这对于检审当代主流生态正义理论之得失、重塑生态政治以促进生态正义之道德践履都有重要的现实意义,但从本质上看,巴克斯特的思想依然是一个生态道德与政治构想共筑的“生态正义乌托邦”。对巴克斯特的三大批评进行思考和批判,有助于我们看清当代生态正义理论的价值与边界,进而探索生态正义的现实期许与可能路径。
Faced with the practical plight of global ecological justice in the 21st century, Brian Baxter, a well-known political ecologist in the United Kingdom, started his ecological ideology stance toward the ecology of the three major neo-liberalism, feminism and Marxism On the basis of the criticism of the theory of justice, this paper puts forward the principles of ecological and moral principles of “self-determination”, ecological justice requirements of “basic concern” and ecological politics of “ecological government”. This is of great practical significance for examining the pros and cons of contemporary mainstream theories of ecological justice, reshaping ecological politics and promoting the moral fulfillment of ecological justice. However, in essence, Baxter’s thinking is still an ecological morality and political conception Build a “ecological justice Utopia.” Thinking and criticizing Baxter’s three criticisms helps us to see the value and boundary of contemporary ecological justice theory and to explore the realistic expectations and possible paths of ecological justice.