论文部分内容阅读
深海热液系统极端的物理化学条件蕴育了完全不依赖于太阳光的独特生态系统,化能自养型微生物是支撑这些生态系繁荣的初级生产者。铁氧化菌是海底热液环境中常见的化能自养微生物之一,能够从低价态铁氧化成高价态铁的化学反应中获取代谢能量。它们对海底金属元素的地球化学循环过程、金属矿床的形成和堆积以及丰富热液生态系统功能等有重要的影响。介绍了深海热液环境中存在的铁氧化菌,以及它们的分类、氧化机理和与之伴生的生物矿化现象。
The extreme physical and chemical conditions of deep-sea hydrothermal systems imply unique ecosystems that are completely independent of the sun’s energy, and autotrophic microbes are primary producers supporting the prosperity of these ecosystems. Ferric oxide bacteria is one of the most common autotrophic microorganisms in the seafloor hydrothermal environment and can derive metabolic energy from the chemical reaction of low-valent iron oxidation to high-valent iron. They have important implications for the geochemical cycle of seafloor metal elements, the formation and accumulation of metallogenic deposits and the enrichment of hydrothermal ecosystem functions. The iron oxidizing bacteria present in the deep sea hydrothermal environment are introduced, as well as their classification, oxidation mechanism and associated biomineralization.