目的研究极低出生体重新生儿院内感染的原因,提出预防对策。方法通过回顾性调查方法,对某儿童医院极低出生体重新生儿医院感染资料进行调查与分析。结果共调查该儿童医院出生体重小于1 500 g的新生儿268例,发生医院感染患儿33例,医院感染率为12.31%。该医院实行同室混合管理期间,低体重新生儿医院感染发生率为18.32%;在对低体重新生儿实施分室管理后,感染率为6.57%。新生儿医院感染部位主要是呼吸道感染,感染病原菌以肺炎克雷伯和鲍曼不动杆菌为主。结论改善病房环境布局和实行分室管理以及规范化管理是预防极低出生体重新生儿医院感染的有效手段。 Objective To study the causes of nosocomial infections of very low birth weight neonates and to propose preventive measures. Methods A retrospective survey was conducted to investigate and analyze the data of nosocomial infections of very low birth weight infants in a children’s hospital. Results A total of 268 newborns with a birth weight of less than 1 500 g at the Children’s Hospital were surveyed. Among them, 33 were hospital-acquired infections and the hospital infection rate was 12.31%. The hospital during the same room mixed management, low birth weight neonatal hospital infection rate was 18.32%; in the low birth weight neonates after compartment management, the infection rate was 6.57%. Neonatal hospital infection is mainly respiratory tract infections, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii infection-based pathogens. Conclusion Improving ward environment layout and implementing sub-management and standardized management are effective measures to prevent nosocomial infections in very low birth weight infants.